When Arthur married Catherine of Aragon, she became a lady-in-waiting to the princess. She was later regarded by Catholics as such and was beatified on 29 December 1886 by Pope Leo XIII. The new king married Margaret's cousin, Elizabeth of York, Edward IV's daughter, and Margaret and her brother were taken into their care. The king added that his lack of a legitimate son was clear proof of Gods displeasure. The bridegroom Arthur was dead within months. In April 1523, he was elected speaker of the House of Commons. I have a feeling that Edward and Thomas had an even closer relationship when their brother Henry was around. [12] In May 1536, Reginald finally and definitively broke with the king. Managed all schedules for company and . He blundered badly, hacking at Margaret's neck and shoulders until she was dead. In 1539, Reginald was sent to the Emperor to organize an embargo against Englandthe sort of countermeasure he had himself warned Henry was possible.[14]. After Henry VIII and then his son Edward VI had died, and Mary I was queen, with the intention to restore England to Roman authority, Reginald Pole was appointed papal legate to England by the Pope. He returned to Padua in 1532 and received a last English benefice in December of that same year. Following Richard's death in 1504, Margaret no longer had the fortune to support. Chapuys wrote that, "at first, when the sentence of death was made known to her, she found the thing very strange, not knowing of what crime she was accused, nor how she had been sentenced". Perhaps his earlier justification for the annulment had been a matter of self-interest, a selective interpretation of opaque text. On 18 February 1478, aged 28, George, Duke of Clarence, brother to the King of England, was executed. The little Earl of Warwick remained alive and shut away. His son-in-law William Roper, whose biography of More is one of the first biographies ever written, tells us that More chose his wife out of pity: [A]lbeit his mind most served him to the second daughter, for that he thought her the fairest and best favored, yet when he considered that it would be great grief and some shame also to the eldest to see her younger sister preferred before her in marriage, he then, of a certain pity, framed his fancy towards Jane. Thomas came from wealthy families, from trade (his father was a wealthy baker) and the law. Born 14 August 1473, Margaret was one of the few Plantagenets who had survived the Wars of the Roses She was the mother of . The king raged. Born on the 14th August 1473, she went on to marry Sir Richard Pole in 1491. The only people to escape the toxicity of the court were Lina (Stephanie Levi-John) and Oviedo (Aaron Cobham), who decided to seek a new life in the Ottoman Empire. In 1540, Cromwell fell from favour and was attainted and executed. There was a new king, a handsome, athletic young man who had once been destined for the church. Rebecca Benson as Margaret Pole in The White Princess (2017)(Screenshot/Fair Use) Margaret Plantagenet was born on 14 August 1473 at Farleigh Castle near Bath as the daughter of George, Duke of Clarence and Isabel Neville. Her early years are obscure. He wore many hats: chief diplomat, speechwriter, advisor. . The king financed Richards funeral. Two written eyewitness reports survived her execution: one by Marillac, the French ambassador, and the other by Chapuys, ambassador to the Holy Roman Emperor. The danger the Tudors saw lay not in the present disposition of the Pole family who vehemently protested their loyalty but in their claim to the throne, and in Reginalds actions while he was out of the jurisdiction. Mores letters indicate that he was not particularly keen to enter royal service. In an effort to force their co-operation, Henry separated his wife and child, and Margaret who was Marys godmother offered to serve the young girl at her own expense. It is painted on a dateable oak panel, and the dates suit the presumed subject, but the artist is anonymous. Her son Arthur joined them, dying young, probably in the sweating sickness epidemic of 1528. And More determined that their daughters would receive the same education as their son. When historical novelists are looking for ways to empower their heroines they opt for making them hotshot herbalists or minxy witches. His work at Bruges and, later, Calais, as well as his continuing duties as undersheriff in London, were clear evidence of his skill and popularity. It was five years after the likely date of Margarets marriage that her first son was born. It was Mores execution far more than those of Anne Boleyn or Thomas Cromwell or Margaret Pole which established the kings reputation for capricious cruelty. Henry VIII married Catherine of Aragon in 1509 and Margaret was again appointed as one of her ladies-in-waiting. In the end, he could not be persuaded. [3], Margaret was born at Farleigh Castle in Somerset, the only surviving daughter of George Plantagenet, Duke of Clarence, and his wife Isabel Neville, who was the elder daughter of Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick, and his wife Anne Beauchamp, 16th Countess of Warwick. Answer (1 of 6): Anne Boleyn's death would have been instant and painless - to the extent that we can guess, anyway. Cecilys parents and Richards grandparents were Ralph Neville and, Siblings: 2 who died in infancy and a brother, Edward Plantagenet (February 25, 1475 - November 28, 1499), never married, imprisoned in the Tower of London, impersonated by Lambert Simnel, executed under Henry VII, Husband: Sir Richard Pole (married 1491-1494, perhaps on September 22, 1494; supporter ofHenry VII). Margarets daughter Ursula would have 13 children, and three of her four sons would marry heiresses and have large families. Higginbotham is more comfortable with biography, but this has not deterred her publisher from dressing up her new book like a historical novel of the type she doesnt much like, with a moody wash of colour and a woman with trailing skirts and half a head. In 1504, More was elected to Parliament and one of his first acts was to oppose Henry VIIs request of a grant of three-fifteenths. But if the weather turns nasty you up with an anchor and let it down where there's less wind, and the fishing's better. . Basically, they disliked and mistrusted one another. For at least five years, Montagu, Exeter and others had been passing information to the emperor through his ambassador, urging the invasion of England, and Reginald himself had assured the readers of his 1536 letter that a host of disaffected subjects were lurking within the realm, ready to support the invaders against Henry as soon as foreign troops landed. In 1539 Henry VIII allowed (or ordered) Thomas Cromwell to throw Lady Salisbury into the . Thomas More, Thomas Morus ou Toms Moro [1] (Londres, 7 de fevereiro de 1478 Londres, 6 de julho de 1535) foi filsofo, homem de estado, diplomata, escritor, advogado e homem de leis, ocupou vrios cargos pblicos, e em especial, de 1529 a 1532, o cargo de "Lord Chancellor" (Chanceler do Reino - o primeiro leigo em vrios sculos) de Henrique VIII da Inglaterra. As Englands premier intellectual, Mores opinion mattered. Eustace Chapuys, the imperial ambassador, recorded the Countess's execution in a letter to the Queen of Hungary: It was time to be rid of Warwick. Her thoughts, her motives, are so hidden, either by her inclination or by the work of time, that it is difficult for the most diligent biographer to put her together and make her walk and talk. First I went on the Internet to find some ways of measuring wind speed. She managed her lands quite well, and became one of the five or six wealthiest peers in England. Henry VIIIs later statements to the contrary, his marriage to Katharine began happily and continued so for some years. It is unlikely she had seen him for many years, but in any case, mourning for a traitor was inadvisable. But for now he was out of Henrys reach, leaving his family as hostages. Certainly Henry wanted Mores support. For these reasons, More had no cause to suspect his monarch of anything less than fealty to their shared faith. It is only in posteritys schoolroom view that Bosworth was the end of the Middle Ages or the end of anything; the noble families didnt think their wars were over, and indeed they were not, because in 1487 the new king was defending his throne at the Battle of Stoke. But three years into his reign, the young Henry VIII restored her to the greater part of her revenues and gave her back a family title, creating her Countess of Salisbury in her own right. Reginald studied in Italy in 1521 through 1526, financed in part by Henry VIII, then returned and was offered by Henry the choice of several high offices in the church if he would support Henrys divorce from Catherine. But not your principles. Henry was negotiating a glorious marriage for Prince Arthur, to a daughter of Ferdinand and Isabella. Annes personal religious feeling was unimportant. Lewis, Jone Johnson. Katharine was the kings true wife. Reginald replied to books Henry sent him with his own pamphlet, pro ecclesiasticae unitatis defensione, or de unitate, which denied Henry's position on the marriage of a brother's wife and denied royal supremacy. She is the daughter of a duke and the niece of two kings, Edward IV and Richard III. And he was a father who insisted his three daughters have the same education as his son. Such was his reputation that the the great universities Oxford and Cambridge made him high steward. Henry Courtenay och Margaret Pole och fngslades i Towern. She was more likely arrested simply because of her maternal connection to Henry and Reginald, her sons, and perhaps the symbolism of her family heritage, the last of the Plantagenets. Henry VII also decided, about that time, to marry the 15-year-old Margaret to his half-cousin, Sir Richard Pole. Pope Paul III put him in charge of organising assistance for the Pilgrimage of Grace (and related movements). It was the beginning of a fertile new line. In 1541, Margaret was executed, protesting that she had not taken part in any conspiracy and proclaiming her innocence. geralmente . Margaret, Countess of Salisbury, was born at Farley Castle, near Bath, on 14th August, in or about the year 1473. Both Sir Thomas More and Margaret Pole were devout Catholics, dedicated to their faith and their country. He sent envoys. It was then discovered that More had written to John Fisher, the bishop of Rochester, who was also imprisoned in the Tower for not taking the oath. His name was on the attainder and he was brought before the Privy Council in February 1534. But his older brother perished and the younger brother was crowned at 18 years old, and quickly wed his brothers widow. In 1485, he was defeated and killed at the Battle of Bosworth by Henry Tudor, who succeeded him as Henry VII. She was no longer, though, the sort of influence Henry wished for his daughter. Her father, already Duke of Clarence, was then created Earl of Salisbury and of Warwick. Credit: PjrWindows / Alamy Stock Photo. [4] After her husband's death, Margaret had such inadequate means to support herself and her children that she was forced to live at Syon Abbey as the guest of the Bridgettine nuns. They were preventing her marriage to the king. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/margaret-pole-tudor-matriarch-and-martyr-3530618. A Yorkist pretender had been crowned in Dublin, a child who claimed to be the Plantagenet heir, Edward, Earl of Warwick, Margarets 12-year-old brother. Margarets husband Richard died in 1504, leaving her with five young children and very little land or money. Arthur had been a courtier, an able jouster and a great favourite with Henry, serving in his privy chamber. Henrys adult opponents were dead or driven abroad. After her husband's death, Margaret acted as regent for her son James V, from 1513-1515. Margaret's destiny, as an heiress to the Plantagenets, is not for a life in the shadows. She was, Pierce says, intelligent, unquestionably virtuous, traditionally pious, and possessed an easy familiarity with the convoluted etiquette of a royal court. But it is difficult to detect in her conduct the heroic virtues assumed by Rome, and easier to see self-protective caution at work. Sir Thomas Pole was a member of the aristocracy in England. St. Mary's Roman Catholic Church in Bridge Gate, Derby, Our Lady and the English Martyrs' church in Cambridge. Only when Fitzwilliam called Reginald a whoreson did she object, saying with a wonderful sorrowful countenance that he was no whoreson, for she was both a good woman and true. When Reginald, lying abroad, heard of her death, he announced to his secretary that he was now the son of a martyr. ), St. Marie's Church in New Bilton, Rugby, England. It was Mores impassioned speeches against this large and unjust burden that made the king reduce it by more than two thirds. That was the beginning of Thomas Mores public career, and it was a telling one. 3.67. Reginald was the most interesting and talented of Margarets children, and the one to whom she was not close. https://www.thoughtco.com/margaret-pole-tudor-matriarch-and-martyr-3530618 (accessed March 1, 2023). And the king was not pleased with the young lawyer; he promptly imprisoned Mores father in the Tower until he paid a substantial fine. Warwick Chapuys also communicated with Reginald through his brother, Geoffrey. [27] She is commemorated in the dedication of the Church of Our Lady Queen of Peace & Blessed Margaret Pole in Southbourne, Bournemouth.[28]. Ursula Pole, married Henry Stafford, whose title and lands were lost when his father was executed for treason and attainted, restored to a Stafford title under Edward VI. Her mother was one of the greatest heiresses of her time while her father was the younger brother of King Edward IV of England. Susan Higginbotham. Together, they had five children, but she was widowed in 1505. She was a decade and a half younger than he was, and he never seems to have felt anything more than a brotherly affection for her. It stated that all who were called upon must take an oath acknowledging Anne as Henrys wife and their future children as legitimate heirs to the throne. This was an obvious lie; More had never said anything of the sort to any other visitor, why Rich? The honor was tremendous; notably, More was the first layman to hold the office. The barrel, though, may have been strung on Margaret after her death. He had been shut up for most of his life and, one later chronicler said, could not discern a goose from a capon. [23] Her remains were later uncovered when the chapel was renovated in 1876.[24][25]. Margaret, warned of the threat he represented to her own interests and life, said: I trow he is not so unhappy that he will hurt his mother, and yet I care neither for him, nor for any other, for I am true to my Prince., At this point she was questioned rigorously by Henrys councillor William Fitzwilliam. Link will appear as Hanson, Marilee. If the great Sir Thomas More believed the kings marriage to be unlawful, why, it must be so! Quite the opposite. But not before Lina imparted . However, we should not assume that Mortons politics had any profound impact upon More. Was the family sincere in deploring his disloyalty? Her London palace, Le Herber, stood in a busy mercantile quarter, approximately where Cannon Street Station is now, and she rented out the tenements around as workshops, stables and an inn. The Duke of Clarence plotted against Edward IV and in February 1478 was attainted and executed for treason. [13], In 1537, Reginald (still not ordained) was made a Cardinal. (1) He was even more aware than the king of Mores popular appeal; and this was to Mores detriment for it meant that his refusal to publicly support the king was not something that could be forgiven or forgotten. [9] Her youngest son, Geoffrey Pole, married well to Constance, daughter of Edmund Pakenham, and inherited the estate of Lordington in Sussex. This is what Margaret is now, besides paper and ink, and the ruins of her palaces: pieces of breastbone and pelvis, a single finger bone and four vertebrae. Mary's household was broken up at the end of the year, and Margaret asked to serve Mary at her own cost, but was not permitted. When Henry began to poll the European universities about the legality of his annulment, he chose Reginald to visit the Sorbonne, and had no fault to find with the way he carried out his mission. You see, we speak of being anchored to our principles. Margaret Pole was the daughter of George Plantagenet, Duke of Clarence, brother to Edward IV, and a leading figure in the Wars of the Roses. More was thus in his early thirties, successful, happily married, when the tax collectors Dudley and Empson were beheaded on Tower Hill at the command of the new king, Henry VIII. This is Aalto. It took many blows to finally kill her and this botched execution was itself remembered and, for some, considered a sign of martyrdom. But by then Lord Montagu was dead, executed along with the Marquis of Exeter and other opponents of the regime. Cromwell was an astute politician whose beliefs changed at the whim of his royal master. The boy, born in 1519, was welcome proof to Henry that he could father a son and that his lack of an heir was entirely Katharines fault. She was a devout and learned young woman, and though we primarily know her as the older wife who could not bear Henry his desired son and heir, she was once young and pretty and well-liked. Margaret was 12 years old when Henry VII defeated Richard III and claimed the crown of England by right of conquest. Cookies collect information about your preferences and your devices and are used to make the site work as you expect it to, to understand how you interact with the site, and to show advertisements that are targeted to your interests. When Margaret was only four years old, her father was killed in the Tower of London where he was imprisoned for rebelling again against his brother, Edward IV; rumor was that he was drowned in a butt of Malmsey wine. In 1529, he represented Henry VIII in Paris, persuading the theologians of the Sorbonne to support Henry's divorce from Catherine of Aragon. The countess was to look after the little girls health and diet, ensure that she did not wear herself out in learning French and Latin, and see that her immediate environment was kept spotless, so that everything about her be pure, sweet, clean and wholesome, as to so great a princess doth appertain. She certainly didn't bow to any pressure later in her life to give up her son. By Caroline Hallemann Published: Nov 24, 2020 83 ratings9 reviews. Later, he would castigate her in the accents of a hurt child for what seemed to him abandonment, telling her that as she had given him up when he was so young, she should not interfere between him and his conscience. It gave the king pause, and More was allowed to return home. Pole and his hagiographers gave several later accounts of Pole's activities after Henry met Anne Boleyn. Her daughter Ursula married the Duke of Buckingham's son, Henry Stafford, but after the Duke's fall, the couple were given only fragments of his estates. Margaret's third son, Reginald Pole, studied abroad in Padua. Mores only communication with Barton had been to warn her against meddling in affairs of state. London Review of Books But with him away from court there were outside influences on their relationship that neither brother could see coming. As part of the investigations into the so-called Exeter Conspiracy, Geoffrey Pole was arrested in August 1538. The main character is Joanna Stafford, a Dominican novice. Did she, as the regime alleged, burn the evidence that incriminated her? (Along with Margaret her sister-in-law Eleanor Pole was also a lady-in-waiting to Katherine. They had 1 son & 3 daughters: [1] Sir Thomas. There is an apocryphal story that Morton predicted his bright and lively page would grow into a marvelous man. She was by necessity hostile to the Catholic church. And he was well-connected enough to later secure his sons appointment as household page to John Morton, the archbishop of Canterbury and Lord Chancellor of England. He would arrive unbidden, to either eat with the family or walk in the garden with More, his arm slung casually about Mores shoulders. This phrase has been interpreted as meaning Edward was of low intelligence; it only means that he was unworldly, and Higginbotham sees this. Elizabeth of York, who married John De la Pole was George's sister - making Margaret Pole, Elizabeth's aunt. The relationship between the King and Margaret wavered a bit in 1518 when Henry repossessed some of her Salisbury lands saying they belonged to the duchy of Somerset. ODNB, "Reginald Pole"; "Geoffrey Pole". It was children who caused him a problem. Neither Francis I of France nor the Emperor supported this effort and the English government tried to have Reginald assassinated. Margaret would have had a claim to the Earldom of Warwick, but the earldom was forfeited on the attainder of her brother Edward.[4]. The governors of Lincoln admired him enough to appoint him lecturer on law for three consecutive years. Birth City: London, England. Margaret kept silent on the matter. Nothing worked. It took the inexperience executioner a grand total of 11 swings to finally sever her head at the neck . The Bishop of Rochester John Fisher is executed on the same charge. Birth date: February 7, 1478. When Prince Arthur held court in Ludlow with the 15-year-old Catherine of Aragon, Richard Pole was with him, and a friendship began between the bride and the chamberlains wife which was to outlast Catherines life and have deep and lasting consequences for Margaret Pole. Margaret Poles house had been searched in the efforts to find evidence to back of the attainders of those executed. [11], In 1531, Reginald Pole warned of the dangers of the Boleyn marriage. Margaret Plantagenet, Countess of Salisbury (14 August 1473 - 28 May 1541), also called Margaret Pole, as a result of her marriage to Sir Richard Pole, was the only surviving daughter of George Plantagenet, Duke of Clarence, a brother of Kings Edward IV and Richard III (all sons of Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York ), by his wife Isabel . And his old friend, the duke of Norfolk, took care to warn him of his danger, Indignatio principis mors est. To which More famously replied, Is that all, my lord? He was keenly interested in theology, but he was not ordained; he was free to marry if he wished, and propagate a Plantagenet family. He was sentenced to a traitors death to be drawn, hanged, and quartered but the king changed it to beheading. Pope Leo XIII beatified her as a martyr for the Roman Catholic Church on 29 December 1886. Her husbands career flourished. She answered that no crime had been imputed to her. Episode 081 of the Renaissance English History Podcast is an interview with Melita Thomas on Margaret Pole, Countess of Salisbury. And his patron Morton was infamous as the architect of that kings very successful and subsequently very unpopular tax policy. And while this reasoning worked to replenish the royal treasury for Henry VII, it also provided the second Tudor king with a chance to curry popular favor when he in one of his first acts as Henry VIII imprisoned and later executed Edmund Dudley and Richard Empson, who were Mortons (and his fathers) tax collectors. The pilgrimage was an effort to organize a march on London to install a conservative Catholic government instead of Henry's increasingly Protestant-leaning one. Sir Thomas having continued a Prisoner in the Tower somewhere more than a Twelvemonth, for he was committed about the middle of April 1534, and was brought to his Trial on the 7th of May, 1535. he went into the Court leaning on his Staff, because he was much weakened by his Imprisonment, but appeared with a cheerful and composed Countenance. Mr Buxton has returned to live quietly in Cranford following . There have been rumors of an alleged relationship with Lady Margaret (see the White Queen series, for example). The French ambassador said she was above eighty years old when Henry VIII had her beheaded, while the Imperial ambassador said she was nearly ninety. As part of his 'Random Histo. BORN: 1473. He was Dean of Exeter and Wimborne Minster, Dorset, as well as a canon of York. In 1876, during restoration work on the chapel of St Peter ad Vincula, the bones of a tall, elderly woman came to light. And the king was now newly enamored of a young noblewoman called Anne Boleyn. Columbus, Ohio Area. Its influence upon William Shakespeares Richard III is immense. European rulers keen to destabilise England had promoted the claims of this plausible, glamorous young man, but by the summer of 1498 he was in the Tower, about to embark on the last act of his mysterious life. And so he was. When Arthur died in 1502, the Poles lost that position. The alleged plot between the earl and Warbeck was flimsy and perhaps government-sponsored, but both men were tried and executed. The trial of Sir Thomas More for treason opened in Westminster Hall on July 1, 1535. When Henry imposed an oath which recognised him as head of the church in England, the countess and her household complied. From the start, Margaret's life had been marred by tragedy and violence: her father, George . According to some stories, which are not accepted by many historians, she refused to lay her head on the block, and guards had to force her to kneel. It was not a bloodbath, but a selective cull, carried through by process of law. After Katherina of Aragon's death, Princess Mary turned toward Margaret Pole as a second mother, and now her father was going to take away this beloved maternal figure from her as well. As a boy, More spent some time in the household of John Morton, Archbishop of Canterbury. This site requires the use of Javascript to provide the best possible experience. Her first son, Henry Pole, was created Baron Montagu, another of the Neville titles, speaking for the family in the House of Lords. 1 Through his father he was descended from Edward III's son, Thomas of Woodstock, and his mother was Catherine Woodville, sister of Edward IV's queen, Elizabeth Woodville; she afterwards married Henry VII's uncle, Jasper Tudor, Duke of Bedford. His lands and titles were thereby forfeited. Whether the countess was up to this is hard to say, but later the Imperial ambassador was to declare that Mary regarded her as a second mother. The new memorial that has been erected in front of the Chapel of St. Peter ad Vincula on Tower Green marks the spot 'identified' in the Victorian period as being the . Margaret is a devout Catholic and a member of the House of York, which fought Henry's father during the War of the Roses; she is first cousin of Henry's mother Queen Elizabeth of York through her father George Plantagenet, Elizabeth's uncle and the brother of Edward IV. But he himself did not sign the letter in which most of Englands nobles and prelates petitioned the pope to declare the marriage unlawful. There are panel paintings of Pole in the following churches: There are stained glass windows of Pole in the following churches: On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. It was the Act of Succession, passed the following month, that sealed his fate. This was partly due to Mores intellectual prominence; he was perhaps the most famous Englishman on the continent, with a wide and varied correspondence. In fact she was 67. Mortons tax philosophy was a marvel of inescapable logic: If the subject is seen to live frugally, tell him because he is clearly a money saver of great ability, he can afford to give generously to the King. Cardinal and archbishop of Canterbury.Pole was a younger son of Margaret, countess of Salisbury, daughter of George, duke of Clarence: he was therefore of the blood royal and his mother was governess and companion of Princess Mary.Intended from the beginning for the church, he spent 1521-7 on the continent in study. She was cousin to Henry VIII's mother, and well trusted by the king for years. Thomas Cromwell producerade en tunika av typen 'Five Wounds of Christ', som pstods vara en symbol fr nskan att placera . 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