In fact, it is highly unlikely they would have signed the agreement without it. and then Add to Home Screen. However, realistically most are politically binding. There are three primary reasons why one might consider referendums a good idea. Advantages and disadvantages of the referendum instrument. These topic pages provide a quick overview and easy access to all content that can be found on ACE for any give topic of interest - weather encyclopaedia files, electoral materials, comparative data, consolidated replies, case studies, or other. Referendums have traditionally been a rarity in the UK. Referenda can unite a divided party. 1. This can be seen in how Boris Johnson tried to approach Brexit upon becoming PM in July 2019 when he was willing (or at least appeared to be willing) to risk a No-Deal Brexit in the name of representing the 52% of the UK who voted to leave. Now is the time for leadership, not followship. 1. This happened in the Labour Government under Harold Wilson. (25 Marks) A referendum (sometimes referred to as a plebiscite). Disadv: Far too . The parties stances on Brexit have also had electoral consequences, not least the weakening of Labours traditional working class support in some areas. Brexit is a major constitutional change. See all Physics resources See all Energy resources . This protects representatives in the future from some of the political comeback if the decision appears to be misguided. In fact, research done by the Guardian Newspaper found a 4% difference in voting intention based on the alternative wording of the questions a very significant swing! This is unsurprising, as they tend to be on significant issues. In conclusion, there are various disadvantages and advantages to discuss when looking at referendums in the UK. Scottish Devolution 1997 means that it would be extremely hard for a future government to remove their power. By continuing, you agree to our Terms and Conditions. On Thursday 23 June 2016 a referendum was held in order to come to a decision if the UK should remain a member of EU and more than 30 million people have voted. Similarly, in the period following the collapse of the Soviet Union there was an explosion in . Then, in October, Colombians shocked the world as the narrowest of majorities, 50.2% on a 38% turnout, voted to reject a peace deal negotiated between the government and the leftist guerrillas of the FARC to end its 52-year civil conflict. A PowerPoint illustrating how referendums are used in the UK, and what their advantages are. The scenario changed since 2013 when the British Prime Minister David Cameron put forward the plan of holding a referendum on continuation of their membership with European Union. CHAPTER 1: Introduction. Holding referendums on key constitutional issues is a way to ensure an overpowering government cannot enforce its political will on the population. In 2007 the SNP won the Scottish Election and did so again in 2011. Several arguments are advanced in support of and in opposition to referendums. To honour a political agreement Sometimes holding a referendum may be agreed by political parties as part of another wider agreement being reached. They have been most famously held in Hong Kong and in Catalonia. 5. The same day, a referendum in Hungary produced a 98% vote to reject the authority of the EU to mandate settlement of refugees in the country. If a government were to offer the people to make a decision on an major issue and then ignore their verdict it would be politically suicidal. From atoms to astronomy, computers to cars and robots to robust materials, our goal is to transform our understanding of the world to make life easier, healthier and more sustainable. Direct democracy - referendums give the public unmediated and direct control over a policy, making sure that the public's view is clearly articulated, not distorted by those who 'represent' them. For example, David Cameron called the 2016 Referendum to deal with the electoral threat of UKIP whilst Tony Blair did not call a referendum on the Lisbon Treaty, despite indicating he would do so. Political division in both the UK and Colombia has been markedly intensified by the 2016 campaigns there. This took place on both sides of the debate. Following the results of the Brexit referendum, the pound dropped 16.5% against the US dollar until the end of 2016, the lowest level of the pound in 31 years, due to high uncertainty in the world economy caused by Britain's decision to leave the EU. Referendums do a good job of raising public awareness of key issues. The party promised a referendum on the decision of the Heath Government to join the EEC. (one example of this is the 1975 UK referendum on whether the UK should remain in the EC, an issue over which the ruling Labour government was deeply divided). We are working to understand the impact of climate change on the planet and its people, to improve air quality, and developing new technologies to decarbonise energy and transport in partnership with industry and government. Get your custom essay on, Describe the Advantages and Disadvantages of Referendums , Get to Know The Price Estimate For Your Paper, "You must agree to out terms of services and privacy policy". First Past the Post does not give equal voting power across the UK. Technically, because of parliamentary sovereignty, all referendums in the UK are advisory. On the Leave side, however, the EU became a handy scapegoat for a wide range of socio-economic issues with a number of causes. Edgbaston Students looking for free, top-notch essay and term paper samples on various topics. But what is AV and how would it . Referendums in a direct democracy give the general public direct and unmediated control over government decision-making. Referenda provide a clear answer to a question the government might be 'asking'. We are driving innovation with industry and manufacturing partners to transform industries and deliver growth to our economies, thereby helping to improve peoples livelihoods. There are also a number of arguments made against the use of referendums. It is worth noting that in terms of overall population that only 37% of the UK adult population actually voted for Brexit. Referendums provide constitutional changes that need the peoples assent. Another argument for direct democracy being used more widely in the UK is that it prevents the government and MPs making extremely unpopular decisions . Referendums are limited if the potential outcomes are not prepared for. Referendums are held only at the discretion of the Government. This is the idea that minority interests are swamped by the power of the democratic majority. 5. I really enjoy the effort put in. 806 8067 22 A referendum is a vote given to the public which is determined by the government, and is used to help answer an important political or constitutional question to which the public must vote a simple 'yes' or 'no'. To confirm a transfer of powers Referendums will often be held to confirm a transfer of powers. Has sovereignty moved between different branches of government? Unofficial Referendum A referendum that has no legal basis. In Britain there has been an independent electoral commission since 2001. Referendums are used to ensure that the public are happy with the decisions in which the government makes. A Second Referendum. To refer to . (19 Mar 2014), Formula for the number of Members of Parliament? In addition, they also had a say on whether . Depending on the precise rules adopted, referendums and initiatives A referendum is a vote provided to the general public which is determined by the federal government, and is used to help answer a crucial political or constitutional concern to which the public need to vote a simple yes or no. A referendum is a popular vote on a single issue. There have been a number of referendums in the UK: For what reasons might referendums be held? This makes it difficult to fully understand the clear mandate for a particular policy issue. There are a variety of reasons that a referendum might be held. It was right to try to get a better deal for us in Europe. Although it was thought that this would stem the rising tide of nationalism, in fact, it strengthened the support and influence of the Scottish National Party, whose __2011 __election win paved the way for the __2014 __independence referendum. It was right, if we got a better deal to remain in the EU. These include: Before the 2016 EU Referendum the question David Cameron preferred was should the UK remain a member of the EU?. Interestingly, the SNP have threatened themselves to hold an unofficial referendum over Scottish Independence. In 2014, had the population of Scotland voted to leave the UK then primary legislation would have had to have been passed to enable this. Therefore this means that politicians who claim to 'represent' the public are not distorting them as . The levels of populism were a key criticism of the EU referendum in 2016 where both sides were accused of poor campaigning and misuse of facts and figures. David Cameron undoubtedly promised (at least in part) to hold a referendum to ease the pressure on his party from the right and thereby win back UKIP members into the Conservative fold. However, referendums have become much more commonplace since with both national referendums and a number of very significant regional referendums. Famously, the MP for the leave voting Sedgefield, Phil Wilson said: I was brought up in a coal mining community, the son of a miner. In addition the UK federal government secured the permission of the individuals of Northern Ireland for a new devolved assembly in the province in 1998. Those who see virtue in the idea of a more direct link between the popular will and the levers of power therefore admire them as an instrument of empowerment for the too-often neglected people. Political education - by widening debate on an issue, referendums create a better educated electorate, who have a stronger incentive to think and act politically. Third, a referendum may be useful to ensure a broad base of political support for a controversial decision, and lock in a choice that will necessitate riding out unpopular consequences during the implementation. We are improving the health of people across the world through new discoveries, treatments and patient pathways and working in partnership to build a transformative health ecosystem in our region. Component 1: UK Politics - referendums. Devolved Power A matter devolved for decision-making by a regional assembly. Referendums can often be hijacked by other issues. Why is the Brexit Referendum a good case study of some of the issues with Referendums? Referendums in the United Kingdom. Politicians spend time becoming expert about political issues. We're here 24 hours a day, except from 6am to 4pm on Saturday (UTC+8). Primary Legislation Legislation passed having gone through the different stages in Parliament. Referendums can settle long-standing and controversial issues. On the other hand, PPC lets you buy prominent positioning on search pages, like Google, potentially bringing much larger audiences to your website. Download Free PDF. Lesson Objectives To understand what a referendum is To examine case studies of referendums To analyse the advantages and disadvantages of referendums 3. referendums. Above all, the key principle of referendums for any government is this: if you call one, you had better be certain you are going to win. Because referendums are often held on complex issues, it is easy for populism to take hold. They would point to factors such as: It settled an issue that had been contentious for a generation. It is important to note that David Cameron would say that he held the EU Referendum in order to settle a long-standing constitutional issue. Explain the Benefits and Downsides of using Referendums in the UK? Investigating any wrongdoing relating to the referendum. This lesson comprises: - a comparison of representative democracy and referendums - a list of UK referendums since 1973 and an accompanying PPT - how we use referendums in the UK - local and national - a comparison of the advantages and disadvantages of referendums Similarly, before the Scottish Independence Referendum the question was changed from a Yes/No question to the more neutral question of Should Scotland be an independent question?. The decision being put to the people meant it was legitimised. 2) What are the main a) advantages and b) disadvantages for the UK of an uncodified constitution? The only real advantage in an uncodified constitution is that it avoids all the problems involved in achieving a codified one. Give us your email address and well send this sample there. Advantages. In a referendum the voice of every voter counts equally. There is also an argument that governments . Many people felt that their voices were heard where they had not been before. Reduced government power - provides a check on government power, as the government has less control over the outcome of a referendum than it does over Parliament. Unlike General Elections, referendums allow political parties and voters to focus entirely on a single issue. For example, British voters were given a choice in 2016 on whether to stay in or leave the European Union. Free Trade . However, since 2011 there have been three nationwide referendums. 806 8067 22 Not every member of the public will be interested in politics or in fact have a clear understanding of the political system in Britain and this could affect the voters outcome. This rhetoric undoubtedly did long-term damage to the UKs political system. Referendums are a direct vote by citizens on a political issue. Several arguments are advanced in support of and in opposition to referendums. In democracy it is generally seen that the ministers become corrupt and they favour their relatives and friends. Referendums can be a check on "elective dictatorships" during a government's 5 years span. Public are given direct control over policy-making, ensuring their views and interests are directly reflected in policy . Is the Prime Minister Effectively a President? Under what process are referendums carried out? The Tyranny of the Majority refers to a situation in which the winning side can claim all of the authority. This was more than a protest against the career opportunities that never knock and the affordable homes that never get built. [ 1] Referendums, by which citizens are given the opportunity to express a view on specific issues, have antecedents in the Middle Ages and earlier. 4. In fact, the Government had already tried to use a Referendum in 1973 to settle the Irish issue but it was boycotted by Republicans as they did not feel the settlement it addressed their issues. an academic expert within 3 minutes. First, June saw an unexpected British vote to leave the European Union (EU). The referendum increased participation, with a turnout of 72%. Detailed lesson on referendums in the UK. A referendum on 5 May 2011 will ask UK voters whether they would like to replace the country's first past the post system with the alternative vote, or AV, method. For example, the Westminster Government under Boris Johnson have pledged to prevent a Second Scottish Independence Referendum despite the widespread support for SNP. Additional materials, such as the best quotations, synonyms and word definitions to make your writing easier are also offered here. Essay on the Advantages and Disadvantages of Free Trade. There is therefore a danger of neverendums. Dr Adam Quinn, Senior Lecturer in International Politics, Referendum campaigns themselves can be savagely divisive, especially when the prospect of a narrow victory tempts campaigners to use every argument at their disposal. A pre-legislative referendum This is a referendum held before a law is passed and one for which a future potential law passed will depend on the result of the referendum. General Elections can be confusing for voters. Referendum campaigns engage national publics, often passive and sometimes actively excluded, in the business of political debate and decision-making. Focus. Whilst they are an example of direct democracy and put power in the hands of voters, there are a number of arguments to suggest that their operation should be limited and that they do more harm than good to British politics. Another argument advanced in favour of referendums is that they can be used to resolve political problems, particularly for incumbent governments; where a governing party is divided over an issue, for example, holding a referendum can help reach a solution on the issue without splitting the party (one example of this is the 1975 UK referendum on whether the UK should remain in the EC, an issue over which the ruling Labour government was deeply divided). Get Revising is one of the trading names of The Student Room Group Ltd. Register Number: 04666380 (England and Wales), VAT No. Referendums provide the peoples opinion. Weakens parliament - referendums undermine parliamentary sovereignty, and are decisions that are not made on the basis of deliberation and debate. (20 Dec 2011), Proportional Representation in Hong Kong Government Conversely, in the 2014 Scottish Independence Referendum the SNP at least published a White paper to show there were some plans for a potential exit. This could be seen as undemocratic as only just over half of the voting populations decision was accounted for. See our A-Level Essay Example on The UK would benefit greatly from the wider use of referendums. Discuss., United Kingdom now at Marked By Teachers. A good example of this may be the EU Referendum in 2016. In the UK holding a referendum has to be legislated for by the Westminster Parliament. Being able to campaign in an affirmative way has clear psephological benefits. 16 Year olds were also given the vote. There was a political imperative for this as if the Government had planned for a leave vote it would have been portrayed that they did not think they could win. This is particularly the case when an amendment to a constitution which itself was approved by referendum is under consideration. 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Take for instance, in Nigeria there is the 1999 . To please their own political supporters Sometimes a referendum may be held for party political reasons and in the interest of a particular party, rather than the nation as a whole. For example, an individual might not understand the significance of their vote to a political question, and that it can have long term effects that they may not take into considerationwhilst voting. Sometimes an MP can be elected on a vote as low as only . In the UK, there is a system of representative democracy called "liberal democracy" - in which the people vote for a government through regular elections with secret ballots and a choice of candidates. This led MPs into conflict with their own constituencies and having to deliver on a mandate they had been given that they didnt agree with. On June 23 rd, referendum was announced from European Union.It was perhaps a better decision at state level that why would their country be . Registered office: International House, Queens Road, Brighton, BN1 3XE. The Scots referendum saw high levels of engagement in complex economic and constitutional issues. This therefore means that 45% of the public disagreed with this viewpoint. This is a disadvantage as this caused upset among many people in Scotland and the decision did not seem fair or an accurate representation of what the people wanted. AV would end safe seats for life. Referendums allow for a single issue to be addressed on its own merits. AV might reduce the number of safe seats - but it would not eliminate them. It says the cost of meeting the 60% carbon reduction goal, based on estimates from models of the energy system and economy, amount to between 0.3% and 1.5% of GDP, or in the range of 1.6bn to 12bn per year. Explain the Benefits and Downsides of using Referendums in the UK? , How would you react if Brexit was CANCELLED! Constitutional changes - it is appropriate that constitutional changes be approved by public referendum, as they affect the way the country is governed, so are more important than ordinary laws. Representative Democracy (also called indirect democracy) - is where citizens choose others to represent them, making important decisions on their behalf. P1.2-Generating Electricity. One advantage of Describe the Advantages and Disadvantages of Referendums Read More A referendum helps to make decisions legitimate and confirms the principle of government by consent. Referendums can undermine representative democracy. List of the Cons of Brexit. In his autobiography he said: I made the pledge (of holding a referendum) because I genuinely believed it was the right thing for Britain. Arguably, this makes the UK more democratic as the general public have a direct say on the decisions that the government makes and although they are not lawfully binding, they successfully require the federal government and parliament to adhere to the publics outcome. Free Trade . This led to the EEC Referendum in 1975 in which 67.2% of voters chose to remain in the EEC. 4. It was right for us to have our say on that deal, and on our membership more broadly. 3. . Moreover, even when looking at the people who did vote and the outcome which was achieved, referendums can never truly represent everyone and meet societys needs as a whole. On 23 June 2016, the UK electorate voted to leave the European Union. This dramatic policy would not have had legitimacy if it was only agreed by politicians and not by citizens in Northern Ireland. Don't use plagiarized sources. A REFERENDUM is where the electorate vote on a specific question, or questions. Retrieved from http://studymoose.com/describe-the-advantages-and-disadvantages-of-referendums-essay. There are fundamentally three different types of referendum: An advisory referendum This is a referendum which allows citizens to express their opinion, but it is not binding on the government hence being called advisory. EU Withdrawal Act (2018) -Also known as the Great Repeal Act this repealed the European Communities Act (1972). R. eferendums trivialise highly complex issues by oversimplifying them into a ' yes ' / ' no ' vote. However, when it became obvious that we simply wouldnt join a government at all without a commitment to a referendum on voting reform, their appetite for power outweighed (rightly, as it turned out) their fear of losing power . The wider use of referendums free, top-notch essay and term paper samples on various topics vote to the. Signed the agreement without it ( EU ) approved by referendum is where the electorate vote on a single to! 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