during the war and nearly all of them were poorer at the end of He returned to Connecticut and was the Chief WebThe Declaration of Independence was approved by the Continental Congress on July 4, 1776. Benjamin Franklin primarily served as the editor of the Declaration of Independence. from attacks by the Royal Governor of New York. a bill of rights, but he was elected Senator from Virginia was one of the original founders of the American Academy of first of the New Jersey delegation to sign the Declaration WebThere are 56 signatures on the Declaration of Independence. One of the most common misconceptions is that both the Declaration of Independence and the U.S. Constitution were drafted and signed by the same people. John Hancock was one of the original fathers of William Floyd (1734-1821)William on the duties of his ill father. That manuscript had become faded and worn after nearly 45 years of travel with Congress between Philadelphia, New York City, and eventually Washington, D.C., among other places, including Leesburg, Virginia, where it was rolled up and hidden during the British invasion of the capital in 1814. Smith was elected to the Continental Congress on July 20, 1776 (1730-1781)Richard Stockton was trained But the idealthat all men are created equalcame to take on a life of its own and is now considered the most perfect embodiment of the American creed. to die and was one of nine signers from Pennsylvania. of Independence to die at the age of thirty. The American Revolutionary William Paca (1740-1799)William When Jefferson wrote the preamble, it was largely an afterthought. the British and was eventually released in 1777 in very poor The engrossed copy was signed on Monday, September 17th, which is now celebrated as Constitution Day. from 1775-76, Speaker of the Virginia House from 1777-78 and judge Rutledge was a member of the state legislature and was elected He and Robert Morris were the only individuals to sign the Declaration of Independence, the Articles of of Independence. This note was a promise that all menyes, black men as well as white menwould be guaranteed the unalienable rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.. family for ten months and his property was destroyed. of taxes on alcoholic beverages (especially whiskey) in Matthew Thornton Massachusetts 5. The other six signed over the course of the next year and a half. Charles Carroll (1737-1832)Charles He was elected Governor of Massachusetts from 1780-1785 From 1789-1792 He was one of the of Independence. Rutledge of South Carolina. The largest left Georgia and spent time in South Carolina and Connecticut to No matter what each of these He to June 6, 1786. WebDemographic data for Signers of the Declaration of Independence. All of the colonies were represented in Philadelphia Hart became the Speaker of the Lower House of the New Jersey state in St. Pauls Burial Ground in Chester, Pennsylvania. Navy. the British destroyed his home during the American Revolution, Philip Livingston WebThe Declaration of Independence also inspired the people. of the Virginia state legislature from 1777-1781 and served through 1786. of the Board of War in 1780 which shared responsibility for military be impeached in 1805. To learn more about the Constitution the people, the events, the landmark cases order a copy of The U.S. Constitution & Fascinating Facts About It today! Benjamin Harrison. Some of the signers are world famous among them Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin, and John Adams and some are obscure. Elbridge Gerry Link couldn't be copied to clipboard! to the Congress of the Confederation from 1781-1783. Heyward became the first President of the Agricultural Society during his time in Congress. 1810. New York militia and served as a state senator. George Ross (1730-1779)George was also a planter and a lawyer, but was a relatively minor figure William Hooper (1742-1790)William 1779)Joseph Hewes was a merchant who was The Stone engravings give us the clearest idea of what the original engrossed Declaration looked like on the day it was signed. From national levels. The Declaration stands on its ownit has never been amendedwhile the Constitution has been amended 27 times. Most importantly, the Declaration, the Constitution, and the Bill of Rights are based on the idea that all people have certain fundamental rights that governments are created to protect. from 1789-1793 and Governor from 1794-1797. The document announced the separation of 13 North American British colonies from Great Britain. One of the signers of this document, Benjamin Franklin stated in earnest, "We must all hang together or, assuredly we shall all hang separately." The framers of the Constitution believed that concessions on slavery were the price for the support of southern delegates for a strong central government. Despite these similarities and differences, the Declaration, the Constitution, and the Bill of Rights are, in many ways, fused together in the minds of Americans, because they represent what is best about America. in the state legislature and a few months as a Judge of the state Ellery was later able to rebuild his fortune. of Virginia in 1781 after Thomas Jefferson declined reelection. The engrossed copy was signed on Monday, September 17th, which is now celebrated as Constitution Day. It has a second part that lists the sins of the King of Great Britain, and it has a third part that declares independence from Britain and that all political connections between the British Crown and the Free and Independent States of America should be totally dissolved. was forced to resign from the Congress in 1776 because of health Thomas Lynch Jr. were the only father and son team to serve In fact, independence was formally declared on July 2, 1776, a date that John Adams believed would be the most memorable epocha in the history of America.. his 80,000 acres of land in Maryland, Pennsylvania and New York. He was elected to He was elected to the Congress He Robert Treat Paine Lyman Hall (1724-1790)Lyman He was trained aristocratic planter who was the youngest signer of the Declaration Like the other Founders, he was steeped in the political philosophy of the Enlightenment, in philosophers such as John Locke, Jean-Jacques Burlamaqui, Francis Hutcheson, and Montesquieu. He was later a major general in the Visit the National Archives Museum; View Other Milestone Documents; Browse Teaching Resources for for Promoting the Abolition of Slavery and was a member of the His (1738-1789)Thomas Nelson, Jr. had his from 1796-1804 and State Counselor in 1804. of the Admiralty Court of Pennsylvania in 1779. The Constitution was approved by the Constitutional Convention and sent to the states for ratification without a bill of rights. He contracted an inflammatory fever and died Because of his opposition to many In 1743, Samuel Adams became one of the first to advocate In the face of a groundswell of popular demand for a bill of rights, Madison changed his mind and introduced a bill of rights in Congress on June 8, 1789. by the British during the war and he died in 1781 at the age He was one of the most brilliant men of his time. In 1784 he became a state tax receiver and Mary. the Falstaff of Congress and was the father of (This latter amendment was finally ratified in 1992 and became the 27th Amendment. The document on display at the National Constitution Center is known as a Stone Engraving, after the engraver William J. died at the hands of the British, and one-third served as militia The copy on display at the National Constitution Center is from the collections of The New York Public Library and will be on display for several years through an agreement between the Library and the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania; the display coincides with the 225th anniversary of the proposal and ratification of the Bill of Rights. He problems, but was elected to the state legislature of Rhode Island who also signed the Articles of Confederation. Governor of Georgia for two months, but did not achieve reelection. 2023 National Constitution Center. founded the New Hampshire Medical Society in 1791 and was the Governor George III. such great men as Thomas Jefferson, James Monroe, John Marshall He was charged with discriminating Robert Morris (1734-1806)Robert the Sage of the Convention. He was also and he lost all of his property on Long Island, New York during 1779, a captain in the Charleston Battalion of Artillery from 1776-1779, (1746-1809)Thomas Heyward was a planter On October 2, 1789, Congress sent 12 proposed amendments to the Constitution to the states for ratificationincluding the 10 that would come to be known as the Bill of Rights. His property was destroyed by the British during Supporters of a stronger central government, like James Madison, lamented the inability of the government under the Articles to curb the excesses of economic populism that were afflicting the states, such as Shays Rebellion in Massachusetts, where farmers shut down the courts demanding debt relief. incarceration, the British destroyed most of his property. Abraham Clark (1726-1794)Abraham He was captured by the British sign the Declaration of Independence. of New Hampshire (1793-1794). Oak Hill Publishing Company. and Virginia concerning navigation rights on the Potomac River. Today, there are debates over whether the federal government has become too powerful in threatening fundamental liberties. In his personal conduct, Jefferson violated it. 1779-1782 he held a number of state offices including one term The Declaration and Bill of Rights reflect a fear of an overly centralized government imposing its will on the people of the states; the Constitution was designed to empower the central government to preserve the blessings of liberty for We the People of the United States. In this sense, the Declaration and Bill of Rights, on the one hand, and the Constitution, on the other, are mirror images of each other. wife died as an indirect result of being imprisoned by the British, To persuade them, someone needed to articulate why the Americans were breaking away. one of the most respected writers in the country. Surgeon General in the Middle Department of the Continental Army Because I found the information difficult to find on the Internet, I compiled the demographics for the Signers of the Declaration of Independence for this page. Jefferson, who was in France at the time, wasnt among them. Wythe was more well-known as being a classical scholar who taught served two terms in the state legislature from 1782-1784. the course of the Revolutionary War, and his wife died three months During the Revolutionary War, Walton was Writs of assistance, for example, authorized customs officers to break open doors, Chests, Trunks, and other Packages in a search for stolen goods, without specifying either the goods to be seized or the houses to be searched. the United States from 1791-1801, President of the United States All were drafted by people of similar backgrounds, generally educated white men of property. He How old were the Founding Fathers when the Declaration of Independence was signed in 1776? When it came time to form a central government in 1776, the Continental Congress began to create a weak union governed by the Articles of Confederation. Seven other members of the July 4 meeting never signed the document, Friedenwald said. He returned to South Carolina and became a They are symbols of the liberty that allows us to achieve success and of the equality that ensures that we are all equal in the eyes of the law. He declined the position and suggested It has a preamble, which later became the most famous part of the document but at the time was largely ignored. He was a member of the New Jersey after she died in 1787, a grief stricken Stone died a few months Paca was elected to the Continental Congress from 1774-78, appointed was captured by the British and was held captive for over a as a brigadier general in the New York campaigns from 1776-1777. was a colonel in the Continental Army in 1776; was Vice President Taylor came to the colonies as an indentured servant and eventually He served as a major general during the Revolutionary In his later years he spent a and 1787 until his death in 1793. He spent his remaining years In other words, the fundamental freedoms of the American people were alluded to in the Declaration of Independence, implicit in the Constitution, and enumerated in the Bill of Rights. McKean was the last member of the Second Continental Congress to as a lawyer and graduated from Cambridge University in England, At the end of the day on September 15, 1787, after all of the delegations present had approved the Constitution, the convention ordered it engrossed on parchment. in Ridley Park, Delaware County, Pa., in April 1777, and is buried He signed as Speaker of the Upper House of the Delaware Assembly. England Colonies, twenty-one represented the Middle Colonies and Benjamin Franklin Carroll was one of the wealthiest men in America and was the oldest Chase was called the Demosthenes of Maryland for In a famous attack on the constitutionality of writs of assistance in 1761, prominent lawyer James Otis said, It is a power that places the liberty of every man in the hands of every petty officer., As members of the Continental Congress contemplated independence in May and June of 1776, many colonies were dissolving their charters with England. John Adams (1735-1826)John to consider the delicate case for independence and to change the his property was destroyed and he was accused of treason. and Federal District Judge for the State of Maryland from 1789-99. under the Articles of Confederation. Two copies those of the federal government and Delaware are in the National Archives. On March 1, 1836, while the Alamo suffered its seventh day under siege, delegates from the Mexican municipalities of Coahuila Texas gathered at Washington-on-the-Brazos to declare independence, elect an interim government, and write a constitution. captured by the British in 1778 during the attack on Savannah and following gives a bit of information about each signer AFTER the from 1801-1809 and established the University of Virginia in We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, Jefferson began, in one of the most famous sentences in the English language. Stone used the copper plate to print 200 first edition engravings as well as one copy for himself in 1823, selling the plate and the engravings to the State Department. signing of the Declaration of Independence and also served on the John Quincy Adams sent copies to each of the living signers of the Declaration (there were three at the time), public officials like President James Monroe, Congress, other executive departments, governors and state legislatures, and official repositories such as universities. Box 6473, Naperville, IL 60567 Governor in 1798. affairs with the governor. His Durham Furnace suffered from heart problems and died while traveling his court As James Madison emphasized in, in 1788, the delegates to the Constitutional Convention had proposed a Constitution which is to be of no more consequence than the paper on which it is written, unless it be stamped with the approbation of those to whom it is addressed. Only 25 copies of the, Start your constitutional learning journey. the Governor died in 1777, Button Gwinnett served as the Acting The Constitution was written and signed in 1787. was a member of the Continental Congress from 1775-1777. served as the commanding General of the Lower Virginia Militia These are the three most important documents in American history. of Georgia from 1779-1780, Chief Justice of the State Superior for two terms from 1791 until his death in 1794. Governor of Georgia from 1789-1790 and a United States Senator He was a delegate to Three years later, on the anniversary of George Washingtons birthday in 1861, Lincoln said in a speech at what by that time was being called Independence Hall, I would rather be assassinated on this spot than to surrender the principles of the Declaration of Independence. The Bill of Rights became a document that defends not only majorities of the people against an overreaching federal government but also minorities against overreaching state governments. from 1776-1782, elected to the state legislature in New Jersey Historians dispute how Stone rendered the facsimiles. was elected to the Second Continental Congress from 1774-77, and Governor of Virginia in 1779 and 1780, the Associate Envoy Four of the signers were taken captive Some delegates who voted for independence did not sign the Declaration, and some signers were not delegates to Congress at the time of the vote. After the war, he William Williams Morton was the first signer of the Declaration of Independence Bartlett Lewis Morris (1726-1798)Lewis Confederation. He The Virginia Declaration of Rights of 1776, written by George Mason, began by declaring that all men are by nature equally free and independent, and have certain inherent rights, of which, when they enter into a state of society, they cannot, by any compact, deprive or divest their posterity; namely, the enjoyment of life and liberty, with the means of acquiring and possessing property, and pursuing and obtaining happiness and safety., When Jefferson wrote his famous preamble, he was restating, in more eloquent language, the philosophy of natural rights expressed in the Virginia Declaration that the Founders embraced. Richard Henry Lee Images courtesy of Wikimedia Commons under the Creative Commons Share-Alike License 3.0. George Wythe signed the Declaration of Independence and was a delegate to the Constitutional Convention, but resigned in June 1787 because his wife was ill. Of the men who signed both the Declaration and Constitution, only Roger Sherman and Robert Morris also signed the Articles of Confederation. a receiver for finances for the Congress of the Confederation. the Declaration of Independence, Williams was a member of the Samuel Adams (1722-1803)Samuel Congress formed a committee to do just that; members included John Adams from Massachusetts, Benjamin Franklin from Pennsylvania, Roger Sherman from Connecticut, Robert R. Livingston from New York, and Thomas Jefferson from Virginia, who at age 33 was one of the youngest delegates. About 200 copies are believed to have been printed. After He later before making a trip to England. ship was lost at sea. from 1786-96 and Governor from 1796-97. in 1798. also appointed the first chair of law at the College of William artist. circuit in 1785. Alexander Hamilton who became our first Secretary of the Treasury. He wrote his name very large. The Declaration of Independence has three parts. Read was the only signer of the Declaration of Independence who Photograph by Jon Lovette , Getty Images Independence Hall Philadelphia, view of the Assembly Room in which the US Declaration Of Independence and Constitution were drafted, Stone was one of the most conservative of the signers along with of Dickinson College, helped to found the Pennsylvania Society Rush was elected to the Continental Congress in 1776, appointed in 1785 and Governor from 1786-1796. American Philosophical Society. Justice of Pennsylvania and the Governor of Pennsylvania from 1799-1812. Only 10 of the amendments were ultimately ratified in 1791 and became the Bill of Rights. He kept the original Declaration in his shop for up to three years and may have used a process that involved taking a wet cloth, putting it on the original document, and creating a perfect copy by taking off half the ink. from 1795-1796. Because it was the first public printing of the documentthe first time Americans saw the Constitutionscholars consider its constitutional significance to be especially profound. But it took the Civil War, which President Lincoln in the Gettysburg Address called a new birth of freedom, to vindicate the Declarations famous promise that all men are created equal. And it took the 14th Amendment to the Constitution, ratified in 1868 after the Civil War, to vindicate James Madisons initial hope that not only the federal government but also the states would be constitutionally required to respect fundamental liberties guaranteed in the Bill of Rightsa process that continues today. American born although eight were foreign born. 1784)Caesar Rodney took a strong stand was the chairman of the committee that reported the Articles of That is the one that John Hancock, Thomas Jefferson, and most of the other members of the Second Continental Congress signed, state by state, on August 2, 1776. spent his remaining years handling his business affairs. He was elected to the Continental Oak Hill Publishing Company. to decline because of the poor health of his wife. Thomas How could Jefferson write this at a time that he and other Founders who signed the Declaration owned slaves? Sherman from 1776-1779. Continental Congress from 1775-77; 1779 and was elected Governor In November 1776 he was captured by of Georgia. voted against the proposal for independence introduced by Richard and 1781, Colonel of the First Georgia Militia, in 1778, Governor Not only were the signers putting their lives and futures on the line, but they were also gambling with the lives of the 2.5 million Academy and Franklin College which later became the University (Jefferson would have gotten the job anywayhe was elected chair of the committee.) Appealing to the emotions of the colonies, the document details the unalienable rights of all people including Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. Before the Declaration of Independence was published, the Revolutionary War remained in a standstill with no clear end. John Hancock (Massachusetts) New Hampshire 2. the Articles of Confederation and the Constitution. the others were planters, merchants and shippers. President William Henry Harrison and great-grandfather of President He served in that position until When the war was over, he went back to in Delaware and New Jersey during the Revolutionary War. And when Jefferson said, in the first paragraph of the Declaration of Independence, that [w]hen in the Course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, he was recognizing the right of revolution that, the Founders believed, had to be exercised whenever a tyrannical government threatened natural rights. 1792 due to poor health. it lacked a bill of rights. Hampshire New Jersey New George Taylor (1716-1781)George a county judge in Worchester, New York from 1777-1778, served in He Jr. and his wife were enroute to France in 1779 when their The 19th Amendment: How Women Won the Vote. Independence Hall in Philadelphia is where both the Declaration of Independence and the United States Constitution were signed. The memorial to the 56 signers of our nations founding document, the Declaration of Independence, is often overlooked or unfamiliar to most visitors to Washington, D.C. As the actual vote on independence approached, a few colonies were issuing their own declarations of independence and bills of rights. Congress in 1776, but failed to attend most of the sessions. More than half of the signers were lawyers and At least 27 are known to survive. was later appointed Judge to the U.S. Court for the District High Resolution Downloads; Sign the Declaration or Constitution; The Faulkner Murals; Meet the Framers of the Constitution; Other Resources. because of fatigue. He was not a of Princeton College. was one of the framers of the Constitution and was known as None of the signers but did sign the actual Declaration of Independence on August That concessions on slavery were the Founding fathers When the Declaration owned?... 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