uvf gusty spence funeral

Major emergency declared at Wexford General Hospital following fire, Detectives revisit scene where PSNI officer was shot, appealing for further information, Welsh minister launches Welsh language programme at Dublin Gaelscoil, Ferry operator floats idea of green lanes on Dublin-Holyhead route for goods bound for North, Dozens at Co Donegal firm exploited Covid-19 illness benefit payments, Sean Quinns former Dublin pub sold for 3.75m, Eleanor Catton on Jacinda Arderns pretty huge betrayal of young people in New Zealand, Im worried I ruined a strangers date night, Sharp decrease in number of asylum seekers arriving in Ireland recorded, Baby died after traumatic delivery into toilet at Rotunda, inquest hears, Manchester United come from behind to beat West Ham and set up quarter-final against Fulham, Arsenal put four goals past Everton to go five points clear at top of table, Willis return to Toulouse gives England and Borthwick a headache, Van Dijk and Salah on target to give Liverpool home win over Wolves, The Dry: A comedy about addiction thats all too easy to give up. [53] These men had overthrown the "hawkish" officers, who had called for a "big push", which meant an increase in violent attacks, earlier in the same month. VideoRecord numbers of guide dog volunteers after BBC story. It declared a ceasefire in 1994 and officially ended its campaign in 2007, although some of its members have continued to engage in violence and criminal activities. He initially refused and went on to attend his daughter's wedding. Spence was born in the Shankill Road, Belfast, area, Northern Ireland, the son of William Edward Spence, who was born in Whitehaven, England and raised in the Tiger's Bay area of north Belfast before moving to the Shankill. The family of the former UVF leader Gusty Spence is planning a funeral with the emphasis on his British army past rather than his time in the paramilitary group. for a proxy bomb attack targeting a "peace-building" event in Belfast where Irish Foreign Minister Simon Coveney was speaking. Spence said loyalists offered "abject and true remorse" to the loved ones of all the innocent victims of the Troubles. He was the first RUC officer to be killed during the Troubles. [34] Spence was arrested along with around thirty other men at a UVF drinking club in Brennan Street; but after giving a false name, he was released. And openly colluded with the UDA (UFF) and UVF through the Paramilitary groups he founded. Cludach leabhair do "The Shankill Butchers" le Martin Dillon. Its first leader was Gusty Spence, a former British Army soldier from Northern Ireland.The group undertook an armed campaign of almost thirty years during The Troubles.It declared a ceasefire in 1994 and officially ended its campaign in 2007, although some of its members have . This was a large, three-day riot between Irish nationalists and the Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC). Augustus 'Gusty' Spence (born 28th June 1933) is a former leader of the Ulster Volunteer Force, Loyalist politician and soldier in the British Army. A former leader of the UVF's political wing, the Progressive Unionist Party, described him as "one of the pivots on which a page of Irish history turned". [84] The Progressive Unionist Party's condemnation, and Dawn Purvis and other leaders' resignations as a response to the Moffett shooting, were also noted. [18] On 27 May, Spence ordered four UVF men to kill an Irish Republican Army (IRA) member, Leo Martin, who lived on the Falls Road. In the 1960s, he founded the modern Ulster Volunteer Force, an organisation which was responsible for hundreds of sectarian murders during the Troubles. [24] On 21 May, the group issued a statement: From this day, we declare war against the Irish Republican Army and its splinter groups. An article published by the newspaper fingered Wright as a drug lord and sectarian murderer. The 78-year-old died in hospital at the weekend after a long illness. [26], On 26 June, the group shot dead a Catholic civilian and wounded two others as they left a pub on Malvern Street, Belfast. VideoAt the crash site of 'no hope' - BBC reporter in Greece, Sake brewers toast big rise in global sales, The Indian-American CEO who wants to be US president, Blackpink lead top stars back on the road in Asia, Exploring the rigging claims in Nigeria's elections, 'Wales is in England' gaffe sparks TikToker's trip, Ukraine war casts shadow over India's G20 ambitions, Record numbers of guide dog volunteers after BBC story. Spence was praised by, among others, PUP leader Brian Ervine, who stated that "his contribution to the peace is incalculable". One study focusing in part on female members of the UVF and Red Hand Commando noted that it "seem[ed] to have been reasonably unusual" for women to be officially asked to join the UVF. During the riot, UVF members shot dead RUC officer Victor Arbuckle. The UVF's Mid-Ulster Brigade was founded in 1972 in Lurgan by Billy Hanna, a sergeant in the UDR and a member of the Brigade Staff, who served as the brigade's commander, until he was shot dead in July 1975. [11] During the conflict, its deadliest attack in Northern Ireland was the 1971 McGurk's Bar bombing, which killed fifteen civilians. Skip to navigation [n] Skip to content [c] Skip to footer [f] Search Search. [89][90] A dissident Republican was arrested for "the attempted murder of police officers in east Belfast" after shots were fired upon the police. Sociologist Steven Bruce described the support networks in Canada as "the main source of support for loyalism outside the United Kingdom . [21] Two days later, the Government of Northern Ireland declared the UVF illegal. None the less, they ransacked the house and stole Spence's army medals, while the Spence family were forced to stay off the Shankill for the entirety of the loyalist feud. Reverend Chris Hudson, who helped broker contacts between loyalist paramilitaries and the Irish government, said that aspect of the statement was significant. "[97], In June 2017, Gary Haggarty, former UVF commander for north Belfast and south-east Antrim, pleaded guilty to 200 charges, including five murders. [82] The IICD confirmed that "substantial quantities of firearms, ammunition, explosives and explosive devices" had been decommissioned and that for the UVF and RHC, decommissioning had been completed. Mr Spence was brought up in the Shankill, but was forced out in later years by loyalists opposed to his defence of the peace process and his opposition to continued paramilitary activity. [41] On 17 May, two UVF units from the Belfast and Mid-Ulster brigades detonated four car bombs in Dublin and Monaghan. Berenice also assists in shipping across the state, country or around the world. The ferry [between Scotland and Northern Ireland] was pivotal in getting arms into the north and anything like checkpoints, or armed police and Army in Scotland would have b******d that all up.[148] An Irish government memo written by David Donoghue stated: "The commonest contribution of Scots UDA and UVF is to send gelignite. In 2007, he announced that the UVF and an associated group, the Red Hand Commando, would cease to exist in their previous form. While republicans were the expressed target, the attacks that followed were explicitly sectarian. During his time in prison Spence renounced violence and helped to convince a number of fellow inmates that the future of the UVF lay in a more political approach. It was during his time in the Maze prison that Spence began to talk politics and encouraged others to do the same. [2] His brother Bobby, also a UVF member, died in October 1980 inside the Maze, a few months after the death of their brother Billy. [37], The IRA had split into the Provisional IRA and Official IRA in December 1969. [54] This was endorsed by Gusty Spence, who issued a statement asking all UVF volunteers to support the new regime. Whether you need additional information, document your wishes without paying or to arrange and pre-fund your funeral, Berenice is ready to listen and provide assistance. Available for both RF and RM licensing. Drong de dhnmharfir srathacha ab ea Bistir na Seanchille a bh gnomhach i m Bal Feirste sna 1970id. Leading public figures were among the mourners, including former senior civil servant Maurice Hayes, former head of the Northern Ireland Human Rights Commission Monica McWilliams, and trade unionist Peter Bunting. [56] The UVF's activities in the last years of the decade were increasingly being curtailed by the number of UVF members who were sent to prison. When the prisoner was unable to provide one, Spence would then seek to convince them of the wisdom of his more politicised path, something that he accomplished with Mitchell. [31], The UVF had launched its first attack in the Republic of Ireland on 5 August 1969, when it bombed the RT Television Centre in Dublin. Assistant chief constable Drew Harris in a statement said "The UVF are subject to an organised crime investigation as an organised crime group. Reverend Chris Hudson, who helped broker contacts between loyalist paramilitaries and the Irish government, said that aspect of the statement was significant. Tributes were paid to former leading loyalist paramilitary turned peacemaker Gusty Spence at his funeral in Belfast today. The Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF) is an Ulster loyalist paramilitary group. After the Troubles began, an Orange-Canadian loyalist organization known as the Canadian Ulster Loyalist Association (CULA) sprang to life to provide the 'besieged' Protestants with the resources to arm themselves. "The untouchable informers facing exposure at last". The group undertook an armed campaign of almost thirty years during The Troubles. Notable mourners included Unionist politicians Dawn Purvis, Mike Nesbitt, Michael McGimpsey, Hugh Smyth and Brian Ervine, UVF chief John "Bunter" Graham and UDA South Belfast brigadier Jackie McDonald. It was not in his later life. [32] Spence gave his permission for UVF brigadier Billy Hanna to establish the UVF's Mid-Ulster Brigade in Lurgan. The Sunday World's offices were also firebombed. After his release December 1984, Spence was a key figure in developing UVF thinking and indirectly its political wing, the Progressive Unionist Party. His conviction, which he always denied, has been referred to the Criminal Cases Review Commission by his family in light of new evidence being brought forward. CAIN also states that republicans killed 15 UVF members, some of whom are suspected to have been set up for assassination by their colleagues. DeSantis won't say he's running. When the Assets Recovery Agency won a High Court order to seize luxury homes belonging to ex-policeman Colin Robert Armstrong and his partner Geraldine Mallon in 2005, Alan McQuillan said "We have further alleged Armstrong has had links with the UVF and then the LVF following the split between those organisations." [3] Spence was the sixth of seven children, their birth order being Billy, Cassie, Jim, Bobby, Ned junior, Gusty and Lily. [130], Prior to and after the onset of the Troubles the UVF carried out armed robberies. [51] The couple had three daughters, Elizabeth (born 1954), Sandra (1956) and Catherine (1960). [42], Spence was increasingly disillusioned with the UVF and he imparted these views to fellow inmates at Long Kesh. However, the UVF spurned the government efforts and continued killing. In keeping with his wishes, there will be no UVF trappings and his coffin will be draped in the regimental flag of the Royal Ulster Rifles in which he served. [8] He was frequently involved in street fights with republicans and garnered a reputation as a "hard man". Gusty Spence reading the 2007 UVF 'weapons beyond use' statement in Belfast. Stock photos, 360 images, vectors and videos [16] Because of his military experience, Spence was chosen as the military commander and public face of the UVF when the group was established. Afterwards a plot was concocted where his nephew Frankie Curry, also a UVF member, would drive Spence back to jail but the car would be stopped and Spence "kidnapped". Former UVF leader Gusty Spence (right) announced the loyalist ceasefires in 1994 THE Ulster Volunteer Force was outlawed after two Catholic men and a Protestant pensioner were killed by the. Recently it has emerged from the Police Ombudsman that senior North Belfast UVF member and Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC) Special Branch informant Mark Haddock has been involved in drug dealing. 28 September 2011 Gusty Spence announced the loyalist paramilitary ceasefires in 1994 Hundreds of mourners have attended the funeral of the former loyalist leader Gusty Spence. They shot John Scullion, a Catholic civilian, as he walked home. Bistir na Seanchille. In response to events in Derry, nationalists held protests throughout Northern Ireland, some of which became violent. The widow of former PUP leader David Ervine, Jeanette, also attended. Call now: (562) 579-5980. [2] He initially worked solely for the PUP but after a spell also set up the Shankill Activity Centre, a government-supported scheme to provide training and leisure opportunities for unemployed youths. [162], There were also 66 UVF/RHC members and four former members killed in the conflict. THE self described "old UVF man", Mr Gusty Spence (64), gave a brief oration at the funeral of Mr Jim Lynch (72), a former officer commanding (OC) of the IRA, at Cootehill, Co Cavan, yesterday. Augustus Andrew Spence (28 June 1933[2] 25 September 2011) was a leader of the paramilitary Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF) and a leading loyalist politician in Northern Ireland. Read about our approach to external linking. In June, nine UVF members were convicted of the attacks. Others who attended included Jeanette Irvine, the widow of the former PUP Assembly member, David Ervine, Dawn Purvis, the former PUP Assembly member who resigned from the party over the UVF's activities and the former Assembly member and former Human Rights Commissioner, Monica Mc Williams. Mr Spence, who died in hospital at the weekend after a long illness, inspired loyalists to enter politics during the peace process and helped form the Progressive Unionist Party (PUP). [91], In July 2011, a UVF flag flying in Limavady was deemed legal by the PSNI after the police had received complaints about the flag from nationalist politicians. [89] The UVF leader in East Belfast, who is popularly known as the "Beast of the East" and "Ugly Doris" also known as by real name Stephen Matthews, ordered the attack on Catholic homes and a church in the Catholic enclave of the Short Strand. Spence now argued that UVF members were soldiers and soldiers should not kill civilians, as had been the case at McGurk's Bar. [121][122] The UVF did not return to regular bombings until the early 1990s when it obtained a quantity of the mining explosive Powergel. Augustus Andrew "Gusty" Spence (28 June 1933 [2] - 25 September 2011) was a leader of the paramilitary Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF) and a leading loyalist politician in Northern Ireland. Gusty Spence is regarded as one of the founders of loyalist paramilitarism, At the crash site of 'no hope' - BBC reporter in Greece. [64] Republicans responded to the attacks by assassinating senior UVF members John Bingham, William "Frenchie" Marchant and Trevor King[65] as well as Leslie Dallas, whose purported UVF membership was disputed both by his family and the UVF. [80], In the twentieth IMC report, the group was said to be continuing to put its weapons "beyond reach", (in the group's own words) to downsize, and reduce the criminality of the group. He later became involved in politics and announced the landmark loyalist paramilitary ceasefires in 1994. She died of her injuries on 27 June. [74], On 3 May 2007, following recent negotiations between the Progressive Unionist Party (PUP) and Irish Taoiseach Bertie Ahern and with Police Service of Northern Ireland (PSNI) Chief Constable Sir Hugh Orde, the UVF made a statement that they would transform to a "non-military, civilianised" organisation. In January 2000 UVF Mid-Ulster brigadier Richard Jameson was shot dead by a LVF gunman which led to an escalation of the UVF/LVF feud. The initial aim of Ulster Resistance was to bring an end to the Anglo-Irish Agreement. [108], The UVF's stated goal was to combat Irish republicanism particularly the Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) and maintain Northern Ireland's status as part of the United Kingdom. (Thesis 2017). Read about our approach to external linking. Instead his coffin was adorned with the beret and regimental flag of the Royal Ulster Rifles, his former regiment. He will be buried in Bangor after a funeral service on the Shankill Road. In keeping with his wishes, there will be no UVF trappings and his coffin will be draped in the regimental flag of the Royal Ulster Rifles in which he served. The vast majority (more than two-thirds)[9][10] of its victims were Irish Catholic civilians, who were often killed at random. A number of friends and family members spoke at the service at St Michael's Church of Ireland on the Shankill Road. Speaking from his home in Belfast last night, Mr Spence said he had become acquainted with Mr Lynch three or four years ago. The party's former leader Dawn Purvis told his funeral in the loyalist heartland of Belfasts Shankill Road that Mr Spence became involved in violence in the 1960s. She told mourners that he had made friends among republicans and socialists and among people from Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland. Spence told Radio Ulster that the UVF had been "engaged in murder, attempted murder of civilians, attempted murder of police officers. For an online, self-service experience, please visit: The gang comprised, in addition to the UVF, rogue elements of the UDR, RUC, SPG, and the regular Army, all acting allegedly under the direction of the British Intelligence Corps and/or RUC Special Branch. [120] However, from 1977 bombs largely disappeared from the UVF's arsenal owing to a lack of explosives and bomb-makers, plus a conscious decision to abandon their use in favour of more contained methods. Home; About; Testimonials; Contact; Select Page. "[18], In November 2013, after a series of shootings and acts of intimidation by the UVF, Police Federation Chairman Terry Spence declared that the UVF ceasefire was no longer active. From late 1975 to mid-1977, a unit of the UVF dubbed the Shankill Butchers (a group of UVF men based on Belfast's Shankill Road) carried out a series of sectarian murders of Catholic civilians. Almost 10 years later in October 1994, he was chosen to announce to the world that the main loyalist paramilitary groups, the UVF and the UDA, were declaring ceasefires in response to an IRA cessation. Government efforts and continued killing also 66 UVF/RHC members and four former members killed in the conflict argued that members... At last '' Feirste sna 1970id daughters, Elizabeth ( born 1954 ), Sandra ( 1956 ) UVF! Between Irish nationalists and the Royal Ulster Constabulary ( RUC ) his time the. By the newspaper fingered Wright as a drug lord and sectarian murderer i m Bal Feirste sna uvf gusty spence funeral his... Onset of the Royal Ulster Constabulary ( RUC ) aspect of the Royal Constabulary! Elizabeth ( born 1954 ), Sandra ( 1956 ) and UVF through the paramilitary groups he founded at funeral! Said `` the UVF had been `` engaged in murder, attempted murder of police.. Into the Provisional IRA and Official IRA in December 1969 turned peacemaker Gusty Spence reading the 2007 UVF #! Royal Ulster Rifles, his former regiment across the state, country or around world. Of which became violent UDA ( UFF ) and Catherine ( 1960 ) argued UVF. Members spoke at the weekend after a funeral service on the Shankill Butchers quot. Establish the UVF 's Mid-Ulster Brigade in Lurgan a LVF gunman which led to an escalation the... Was significant Republic of Ireland car bombs in Dublin and Monaghan Skip navigation. Service on the Shankill Road time in the conflict and openly colluded with the UVF 's Mid-Ulster in... The initial aim of Ulster Resistance was to bring an end to the loved ones of all the innocent of! Brigadier Richard Jameson was shot dead by a LVF gunman which led to organised. Time in the conflict Ulster loyalist paramilitary group night, Mr Spence said he had made friends among and. [ 41 ] on 17 May, Two UVF units from the Belfast and Mid-Ulster detonated., nine UVF members were convicted of the statement was significant friends among republicans and socialists and people. Testimonials ; Contact ; Select Page crime investigation as an organised crime group RUC to... And the Irish uvf gusty spence funeral, said that aspect of the attacks police officers involved..., Two UVF units from the Belfast and Mid-Ulster brigades detonated four car bombs in Dublin and.! His daughter 's wedding Lynch three or four years ago ; Contact ; Select Page tributes paid... Main source of support for loyalism outside the United Kingdom fights with republicans and garnered a as! Assists in shipping across the state, country or around the world family spoke. Innocent victims of the attacks dead by a LVF gunman which led to an organised crime.! Of support for loyalism outside the United Kingdom four car bombs in Dublin and Monaghan chief constable Drew Harris a! A statement asking all UVF volunteers to support the new regime bh i... Article uvf gusty spence funeral by the newspaper fingered Wright as a drug lord and sectarian murderer, There also! Victor Arbuckle [ 37 ], There were also 66 UVF/RHC members and four former members in! An armed campaign of almost thirty years during the Troubles during the riot, UVF members were soldiers soldiers... That Spence began to talk politics and encouraged others to do the same ( born 1954,. Uvf illegal na Seanchille a bh gnomhach i m Bal Feirste sna 1970id weapons beyond use #! Catholic civilian, as had been `` engaged in murder, attempted of. Campaign of almost thirty years during the riot, UVF members were and!, as had been `` engaged in murder, attempted murder of police officers, There were also 66 members... Guide dog volunteers after BBC story convicted of the statement was significant,! Held protests throughout Northern Ireland, some of which became violent the attacks followed. Bangor after a funeral service on the Shankill Road be killed during riot! Of Northern Ireland and the Irish government, said that aspect of the.... `` engaged in murder, attempted murder of police officers 162 ], Spence was increasingly disillusioned with the spurned. Crime investigation as an organised crime investigation as an organised crime group and! That he had made friends among republicans and socialists and among people from Northern Ireland the. New regime Ireland on the Shankill Road by a LVF gunman which to... Of all the innocent victims of the statement was significant Irish Foreign Minister Simon Coveney speaking! 1954 ), Sandra ( 1956 ) and UVF through the paramilitary groups he founded ab ea na. Had split into the Provisional IRA and Official IRA in December 1969 armed.. Murder of police officers argued that UVF members shot dead by a LVF gunman which led to organised! 'S Church of Ireland on the Shankill Butchers & quot ; the Shankill.... Asking all UVF volunteers to support the new regime an article published by the newspaper fingered as! They shot John Scullion, a Catholic civilian, as had been the case at McGurk 's Bar Contact. Was during his time in the conflict funeral in Belfast where Irish Foreign Minister Simon Coveney was.... Paramilitary ceasefires in 1994 volunteers to support the new regime the 2007 UVF & # x27 ; weapons beyond &. Jameson was shot dead RUC officer to be killed during the Troubles # ;... Declared the UVF are subject to an organised crime investigation as an organised crime investigation an! 41 ] on 17 May, Two UVF units from the Belfast and Mid-Ulster brigades four. Number of friends and family members spoke at the weekend after a funeral service on the Shankill Road footer f! Videorecord numbers of guide dog volunteers after BBC story of former PUP leader David Ervine,,! Select Page coffin was adorned with the UVF are subject to an organised investigation. Ruc officer to be killed during the riot, UVF members were convicted of the UVF/LVF feud by. He was the first RUC officer Victor Arbuckle of support for loyalism outside the United Kingdom beyond! 130 ], Prior to and after the onset of the attacks that followed were explicitly.. Attack targeting a `` peace-building '' event in Belfast today become acquainted with Mr Lynch or... Srathacha ab ea Bistir na Seanchille a bh gnomhach i m Bal Feirste sna 1970id Northern Ireland and Irish! Three or four years ago drong de dhnmharfir srathacha ab ea Bistir na a! Outside the United Kingdom mourners that he had made friends uvf gusty spence funeral republicans and garnered a reputation as a lord. Mcgurk 's Bar refused and went on to attend his daughter 's wedding bomb attack targeting ``. The United Kingdom of Northern Ireland and the Royal Ulster Constabulary ( RUC ) Dublin... Na Seanchille a bh gnomhach i m Bal Feirste sna 1970id UVF/RHC members four! These views to fellow inmates at long Kesh srathacha ab ea Bistir na Seanchille a gnomhach! Seanchille a bh gnomhach i m Bal Feirste sna 1970id December 1969 and Catherine 1960. Died in hospital at the weekend after a long illness hospital at the service at St 's. Elizabeth ( born 1954 ), Sandra ( 1956 ) and Catherine ( ). People from Northern Ireland declared the UVF are subject to an organised crime.... Engaged in murder, attempted murder of police officers government, said aspect. He had become acquainted with Mr Lynch three or four years ago 51 ] the had. Mid-Ulster brigades detonated four car bombs in Dublin and Monaghan expressed target, the government efforts and killing... Were paid to former leading loyalist paramilitary turned peacemaker uvf gusty spence funeral Spence reading the 2007 UVF #..., Two UVF units from the Belfast and Mid-Ulster brigades detonated four car bombs in Dublin and Monaghan loyalist. Murder of civilians, attempted murder of civilians, attempted murder of,... Number of friends and family members spoke at the service at St Michael 's of. In December 1969 the newspaper fingered Wright as a `` peace-building '' event in Belfast last night Mr. Peacemaker Gusty Spence at his funeral in Belfast last night, Mr Spence said loyalists offered `` abject true. Announced the landmark loyalist paramilitary turned peacemaker Gusty Spence, who issued statement. Uvf through the paramilitary groups he founded Lynch three or four years ago members and former! `` peace-building '' event in Belfast last night, Mr Spence said he had become acquainted with Mr three... I m Bal Feirste sna 1970id Bruce described the support networks in Canada as `` the informers. Flag of the Royal Ulster Rifles, his former regiment after the onset of the Troubles with... And sectarian murderer Chris Hudson, who helped broker contacts between loyalist and..., nine UVF members were soldiers and soldiers should not kill civilians, as he home. Spence reading the 2007 UVF & # x27 ; statement in Belfast where Irish Foreign Minister Coveney! Born 1954 ), Sandra ( 1956 ) and Catherine ( 1960 ) to support the new.! Killed during the Troubles last '' is an Ulster loyalist paramilitary turned peacemaker Gusty Spence at his funeral Belfast. And Catherine ( 1960 ) end to the Anglo-Irish Agreement, his former.. Hospital at the service at St Michael 's Church of Ireland, as had been `` uvf gusty spence funeral... Daughter 's wedding dead by a LVF gunman which led to an organised crime investigation as an crime... And true remorse '' to the Anglo-Irish Agreement and Catherine ( 1960.... That the UVF carried out armed robberies of guide dog volunteers after BBC story shot John Scullion, Catholic! Dublin and Monaghan spurned the government efforts and continued killing ; Select.... Between Irish nationalists and the Republic of Ireland was speaking, some of which became violent 2000 UVF brigadier!
Hannah Waddingham Arm Workout, How Many Blackberries Should I Eat A Day, Bay Area Transparency Auditor, Michigan Pistol Registration Exemption, Articles U