Crossing over is a cellular process that happens during meiosis when chromosomes of the same type are lined up. It is estimated that an average of two or three crossovers occur per human chromosome. In human females, when is meiosis II completed? Occurs in all organisms except viruses; Creates all body cells apart from the germ cells (eggs and sperm) Prophase is much shorter; No recombination/crossing over occurs in prophase. E) anaphase II. the primitive streak occurs in the morula stage of the embryonic development. A. crossing over B. nuclear envelope dissolves C. chromatin condenses into chromosomes D. centrioles appear in animal cells, During _______________ the homologous chromosome pairs separate in a random fashion leading to genetic diversity among the offspring. During which stage of meiosis does crossing over occur? C. a nonfunctional cell rudiment formed at the same time as an egg cell. Meiosis I DNA replication precedes the start of meiosis I. Prophase I. C) immediately after the sperm penetrates the primary oocyte C. pangenesis. A. A lattice holds the members of a bivalent together in such a way that the DNA, not RNA, of the non-sister chromatids is aligned. polyploids with chromosomes derived from different species, deletion of a gene for transcription factor active in the central nervous system, What is used to confirm Cri-du-chat syndrome, under developed larynx and severe mental retardation, CF diagnosis in children is usually made how, either because of malabsorption of food leading to failure to thrive or reoccurring respiratory infections, What disease kills more children than any other disorder, Most male CF patients are sterile because, CF patients show a ____________________ insufficiency, the pancreatic insufficiency in CF patients causes what, food to be poorly absorbed because the pancreatic enzymes fail to reach the intestines, a drug that increases the movement of CTFR to the cell surface or ivacaftor, for a specific mutation it alters protein folding, where a diploid organism has only a single functional copy of a gene and the single functional copy of the gene does not produce enough gene product to bring about a wild-type condition, p is the _______________ arm on a chromosome, q is the _______________ arm on a chromosome, # chromosomes, sex chromosomes, autosomal abnormality, t/f: Down syndrome is the most common chromosomal abnormality, the major gene impacting downs syndrome is on, meiotic non disjunction leading to trisomy 21 About 90 percent of a cell's time in the normal cell cycle may be spent in interphase. In telophase I of meiosis, the following events occur: The spindle fibers continue to move the homologous chromosomes to the poles. A) prophase I All are functional. Karyokinesis occurs once in mitosis and twice in meiosis. A. crossing over in Prophase I of meiosis B. independent assortment in Metaphase I of meiosis C. fertilization D. All of the choices are sources of genetic variation. there are breaks near the centromere with two large arm fusing and two small arms that are now without a centromere. species Y should have a better chance of surviving than species X. in human females, when is meiosis 11 completed? D) In mitosis, the daughter cells are genetically identical. Explain. answer choices. B) prophase II and prophase C. It regularly produces a wider array of adaptations to the external environment in a shorter period of time. D. Meiosis is not a necessary component of the animal life cycle. A) gamete production. A) at ovulation b. to ensure that each cell receives a complete set of genetic information Describe the main differences between anaphase of mitosis and anaphase I in meiosis. A. Homologs fail to separate during meiosis I. As described above, homologous chromosomes are like pairs of non-identical twins. asexual . d.) chromosomes replicate. All of the following events occur during normal meiosis except _____. A lattice holds the members of a bivalent together in such a way that the RNA of the non-sister chromatids is aligned. Interkinesis is different from interphase in which way? A) prophase I A) The gametes are the haploid phase of the animals' life cycle. answer choices . Meiosis is similar to this other process of cell division., The term for how many chromosomes a parent cell has., The term for how many chromosomes a daughter cell has., The overall function of meiosis includes all of the following EXCEPT A. gamete production. by uneven crossing over during meiotic prophase. Which is NOT true about daughter cells of mitosis or meiosis? B) immediately after the sperm penetrates the secondary oocyte B. Meiosis fails to proceed to completion. Which of the following errors most likely produces this condition? No fertilization can occur, and the eggs develop into female lizards. Which of the following statements about the process of meiosis is correct_____ A. Homologous chromosome association occurs before chromosome duplication. 1.Two haploid gametes fuse to form a diploid cell, 2.Homologous chromosomes separate from one another during meiosis I, 3.One diploid cell produces four haploid cells, 4.Sister chromatids separate from one another during meiosis II A. The develops into the fetal portion of the placenta. D) the cell produced when fertilization occurs. D) This is probably an asexual organism attempting to mimic sexual reproduction. Homologous chromosomes are similar in size, carry genes for the same traits, and are similar in shape and centromere location. Which statement is NOT true about homologues in meiosis I? C. ocyte. A change in the chromosome number resulting from nondisjunction is called euploidy. It is the first stage of mitosis. B. Species X reproduces asexually by fission and species Y reproduces sexually. All of the following are true of meiosis EXCEPT (A) crossover occurs during prophase I(B) there is no replication of chromosomes between meiosis Iand meiosis II (C) in plants, spindle fibers are attached to the centriole (D) synapsis occurs during prophase I(E) the longest phase is prophase. E) None of the choices are true. (C) Spindle fibers are attached to the centriole. Jacobs syndrome, XYY, results from nondisjunction during spermatogenesis. C) The products of the haploid phase of the life cycle are larger than those of the diploid phase. During metaphase of mitosis the duplicated chromosomes are at the metaphase plate while during metaphase I of meiosis the bivalents are present at the metaphase plate. C. offspring inherit essentially 50% of their genes from each parent, but two sibling offspring may share with each other from zero to 23 chromosomes in common from each parent, and further variation may occur due to crossing-over. A. crossing over of homologous chromosomes B. crossing over of sister chromatids C. the random alignment of the chromosomes during metaphase I D. the combination of sperm and egg genes. Generally only one sperm fertilizes an egg because, When the first sperm membrane fuses with the egg membrane, it forms fertilization membrane and which blocks penetration by other sperm. Angiosperms have dominated the land flora primarily because of their -. Tagged with botany, biology, meiosis. All of the following are true about the chromosomes of a multicellular organism EXCEPT: Each chromosome separates into two daughter chromosomes by binary fisson. Is designed to receive only sperm from the same species. B) independent assortment in metaphase I of meiosis Which of the following are the critical checkpoints during interphase? Which of the following is NOT a difference between anaphase I and anaphase II? G 2 phase, the cell makes proteins that are needed for meiosis. The polar body is A. another name for an egg cell. Each homologue's centromere splits to form two chromosomes. C) a nonfunctional cell formed at the same time as an egg cell. The following picture depicts which of the following changes in chromosome structure. D) Homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material between nonsister chromatids. C)spermatogenesis. Males provide more genes in sperm than females provide in eggs. E) Homologous chromosomes interact with the spindle as if they were one chromosome. What is the wavelength of radar waves for which the plane is made invisible? True or False, Interkinesis follows.during meiosis, the termrefers to the lying side by side of homologous chromosomes to form a tetrad prophase 1, all the following statements concerning activities in the female reproductive system are true except, a surge of FSH is believed to promote ovulation. 3. E. They orient the egg for penetration by the sperm. b. independent assortment in metaphase 1 of meiosis T/F: Females with only one X chromosome do not develop; this condition is lethal. Suppose that k1=6,k2=4,b1=2k_1=6, k_2=4, b_1=2k1=6,k2=4,b1=2, and b2=1b_2=1b2=1. A) Bivalents will form. A. two haploid gametes fuse to form a diploid cell. C) spermatogenesis. A. Cri du chat syndrome While meiosis certainly evolved from mitosis itself, the former had acquired few novel steps that are distinct from the latter: pairing of the homologous chromosomes, recombination between non-sister . 26 B. A. the egg is propelled down the uterine tube by, uterine tube cilia and tubular muscle contractions, Fertilization in humans normally occurs in the, the hormone produced by cells around the embryo that maintains the corpus luteum and pregnancy is called. B. oogenesis. By the end of this section, you will be able to: Explain how nondisjunction leads to disorders in chromosome number. a nonfunctional cell rudiment formed at the same time as an egg cell. What distinguishes paracentric inversions from pericentric inversions? C) species X should have a better chance of surviving than species Y. This results in.. e.) the spindle is or All of the following are true of meiosis, except a) there are two cell divisions. have the same amount of DNA and the same number of chromosomes as all other cells of the organism and develop from the same basic stem cells. D) 24. They nurse the egg as it leaves the follicle. B. a nonfunctional cell rudiment formed at the same time as an egg cell. 14. in what process does fertilized egg undergo cell division without further growth? c. CH3COOH\text{CH}_{3}\text{COOH}CH3COOH and NaCH3COO\text{NaCH}_{3}\text{COO}NaCH3COO. To maintain this state, the egg and sperm that unite during fertilization must be . D. Select all that apply. During which stage of meiosis does the homologue separation occur? Which of the following is a true statement concerning meiosis in males and females? D) a structure that holds together homologues during crossing-over Find f(x)f (x)f(x) and V(x, y). chances of a woman having a child with Down Syndrome decreases with her age. B. oogenesis. D. the cell produced when fertilization occurs. True or False, A change in the chromosomes number resulting from nondisjunction is called euploidy Contains species-specific sperm receptor molecules. can be programmed and is essential to normal development. Sketch a graph of the function and the secant line through PPP and QQQ. the nucleolus can no longer be seen. D)A,B,and C all involve meiosis. C) metaphase I and metaphase Define the following terms: crossing over, synapsis, gamete, autosome, What structure is produced during meiosis 1 in male? The cell cycle is divided into an interphase and a mitotic (M) phase. immediately after the sperm penetrates the secondary oocyte, All of the following animals are likely to undergo parthenogenesis EXCEPT. b) homologous pairs separate during meiosis I. c) one cell produces four cells. C. Interphase involves DNA replication and interkinesis does not. 10+ million students use Quizplus to study and prepare for their homework, quizzes and exams through 20m+ questions in 300k quizzes. E)Neither A,B,or C.All of the above involve mitosis. Ultimate control of testes development is by the .which secretes .. hypothalamus; gonadotropin-releasing hormone. which of the following statements about sexual reproduction is not true? in plants, spindle fibers are attached to the centriole. In human females, when is meiosis II completed? Which of the following would NOT contribute to genetic variation? immediately after the sperm penetration of the secondary oocyte, The overall function of meiosis includes all of the following EXCEPT. species Y should have a better chance of surviving than species X. To what does the term chiasma refer? pangenesis. It occurs only in cells in the reproductive structures of organisms. Monosomy occurs when an individual has only one of a particular type of chromosome. Question 11: Upon receiving a growth signal, all of the following events occur to release the G2 checkpoint EXCEPT: - D. cyclin - CDK enters the nucleus. D. It is the first stage of mitosis. The G 1 phase, which is also called the first gap phase, is the first phase of the interphase and is focused on cell growth. Before the time of Gregor Mendel and genetics, sexual reproduction was thought to produce a blending or equal mixing of the parents' traits. Extra copies of sex chromosomes are more easily tolerated in humans than extra copies of autosomes. d. All the choice are correct. What part of the blastocyst will develop into the human embryo and eventually into a fetus? We would therefore expect to find 56 chromosomes in the skin cell of an elephant. C) telophase II which association of structure and function is incorrect? All of these events occur only in meiosis I, never in mitosis. Each pair of homologous chromosomes break into four separate chromatids. The interphase is divided into three phases; G 1 phase, the cell grows in size and makes necessary proteins in this phase. There is a species of desert lizard that is entirely female. Cytokinesis does not follow "endomitosis" that results in a tetraploid cell. Sources of genetic variation in sexually reproducing organisms include(s) which of the following? the transfer of genes from one chromosome to another nonhomologous chromosome. B. True or False, sex chromosome aneuploids are better tolerated and have a better chance of producing survivors E. there is one chance in 23 of getting identical sets of chromosomes from one parent, times two because there are two parents; therefore, two siblings out of every 46 are really identical except for crossing-over. B) species Y should have a better chance of surviving than species X. Generally, brain and nerve cells are not able to regenerate after injury because they have left the cell cycle and are unable to return. Which of the following accurately describes a possible meiotic nondisjunction event? These females do not undergo puberty or menstruation and their breasts do not develop. At pachytene they pair, the corresponding portions of . they carry the same alleles for all traits, meiosis accomplishes all of the following except, sources of genetic variation in sexually reproducing organisms include which of the following? ; In most cases, cytokinesis (the division of the cytoplasm) occurs at the same time as telophase I.; At the end of telophase I and cytokinesis, two . In this phase, the cell increases in mass in preparation for cell division. E) In meiosis, the daughter cells are genetically identical. synapsis occurs during prophase I. Meiosis I. Meiosis is preceded by an interphase consisting of the G 1, S, and G 2 phases, which are nearly identical to the phases preceding mitosis. 4. Because even small segments of chromosomes . In meiosis, the reduction from 2n to n is accomplished by sister chromatids splitting apart and migrating to opposite daughter cells. Prior to each mitotic division, a copy of every . C. In mitosis, there are two daughter cells. B) Homologous chromosomes separate and go to different daughter cells. A. Anaphase II and Anaphase B. Prophase II and Prophase C. Metaphase I and Metaphase D. Telophase I and Telophase. pyruvate is converted into acetyl-coa v. carbon dioxide, nadh, and fadh2, and atp are reactants. A) ovaries D. spermatogenesis. translocation og 21 leading to trisomy 21, When there is meiotic non disjunction leading to trisomy 21, the parents are, when there is translocation og 21 leading to trisomy 21, the parents are. A. prophase 1 B. metaphase 2 C. anaphase 2 D.telophase 2 QUESTION 3 What is the next phase? One main reason would be. B) The gametes are the diploid phase of the life cycle. If the diploid number of chromosomes for an organism is 52, what will the haploid number of chromosomes be? Consider that all other relevant characteristics are similar between these species. The function does not include growth of the individual. D. Tetrads line up and separate into individual homologous chromosomes. Before the time of Gregor Mendel and genetics, sexual reproduction was thought to produce a blending or equal mixing of the parents' traits. The incidence of Down syndrome, also known as trisomy 21, increases with increasing maternal age. Sketch a phase plane diagram, similar to Figure 11. Consider that all other relevant characteristics are similar in shape and centromere location be and... Gametes are the critical checkpoints during interphase what part of the diploid number of chromosomes an. Receptor molecules these females do not undergo puberty or menstruation and their breasts do not develop this... Sexual reproduction is not true undergo puberty or menstruation and their breasts do not.! Chromosomes number resulting from nondisjunction during spermatogenesis n is accomplished meiosis occurs during all of the following except sister chromatids splitting apart and to. 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Penetration by the end of this section, you will be able to: Explain how nondisjunction leads disorders... Meiotic nondisjunction event without further growth preparation for cell division without further?. True or False, a change in the reproductive structures of organisms XYY, results from nondisjunction called... Is the wavelength of radar waves for which the plane is made invisible which. Per human chromosome to the poles syndrome, also known as trisomy 21, with... In human females meiosis occurs during all of the following except when is meiosis II completed syndrome, also known as trisomy 21, with!