Proceso de residencia contra Pedro de Alvarado ilustrado con estamas sacadas de los antiguos codices mexicanos y notas y noticias biograficas, criticas y arqueologicas. These cookies help us record anonymous data about how people are using our website. Paris: Flammarion-UNESCO, 1992. 8. These cookies allow us to target other information on our website, like advertising, towards your interests. Crnica mexicana: precedida del Codice Ramrez, manuscrito del Siglo 16 inttulado: Relacin del origen de los indios que hbitan esta Nueva Espaa segn sus Historias. Alabama: University of Alabama Press, 1955. Used to put together material to help students think about what they are looking at. Why Does the Public Care about the Past (If It Cares at All)? Karttunen, Frances. 4 vols. Primary Sources . In the Aztec "Legend of the Five Suns", all the gods sacrificed themselves so that mankind could live.Some years after the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire, a body of the Franciscans confronted the remaining Aztec priesthood and demanded, under threat of death, that they desist from this traditional . "Christian Morality Revealed in Spain: The Inimical Woman in Book Ten of the Florentine Codex," Journal of Women's History, 10. : University Editions, 1995. A copy of it is available in the Los Angeles County Public Library. Not consenting or withdrawing consent, may adversely affect certain features and functions. These people are not carrying shields or macanas. If true, the statement suggests a much deeper relationship between Corts and Marina than the one suggested in my narrative to accompany the documents. [My translation]. Sources of Energy for Primary Students Science Nonfiction Unit. "Sightings: Initial Nahua Reactions to Spanish Culture." This was foretold by the kings who governed your city, and now it has taken place. The Memoirs of the Conquistador Bernal Daz del Castillo. [http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13325a.htm (6-14-2000)] . Hassler, Peter. Pupils will learn about how the Aztecs excelled at farming and agriculture, and what made them such good warriors in our National Geographic Kids' Aztec primary resource sheet. ed., rev. Ed. This edition appears to be a French translation of the earliest version of Daz del Castillos manuscript. An important interpretation by one of the leading specialists in critically reading and translating indigenous Mesoamerican texts. It consists of its own narrative that mentions things not discussed in the Florentine Codex but is entirely consistent with it. Of Things of the Indies: Essays Old and New in Early Latin American History. An intelligent essay that reviews all of the existing evidence on the impact of disease, especially smallpox, on the conquest of Mexico. 2 vols. We use technologies like cookies to store and/or access device information. The Working with Primary Sources exercise enables students to create a cultural biography of the author or authors of the source by noting brief answers. Learn about how the Aztecs excelled at farming and agriculture, and what made them such good warriors . Garber, Elizabeth. Norman and London: The University of Oklahoma Press, 1994. After deliberately destroying the codex and nearly murdering Topiltzin, the Spaniards allow him to live, largely for the purpose of colonizing his mind and soul. When in doubt, click on research from the Home Page. : The MIT Press, 1997. An excellent Web site put together by Thomas H. Frederiksen. Durn, Fray Diego de. By entering your email address you agree to our Terms of Use and Privacy Policy and will receive emails from us about news, offers, activities and partner offers. Lpez de Gmara wrote his volume as an eye-witness testimony of the conquest, but, in fact, he was not there. By far the most important source from the Aztec/Mexica perspective is Fray Bernardino de Sahagn's General History of the Things of New Spain, . Mxico: Ediciones de la Universidad Nacional Autonoma, 1944. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1997. n.d. An Aztec Herbal: The Classic Codex of 1552. We do this to improve browsing experience and to show personalised ads. Miguel LeonPortilla, a Mexican anthropologist, gathered accounts by the Aztecs, some of which were written shortly after the conquest. Trexler, Richard C. Sex and Conquest: Gendered Violence, Political Order, and the European Conquest of the Americas. "Table 3: Population Figures (millions) and Implied Rates of Decline (per cent) in the Indian Population of Mexico from 1519 to 1595.". One of the best primary sources of information on Aztec culture, they served as calendars, ritual texts, almanacs, maps, and historical manuscripts of the Aztec people, spanning from before the Spanish conquest through the colonial era. This manuscript is housed in the Bibliothque National in France. This edition is, to my knowledge, the first published version of Daz del Castillos final version of his manuscript. By entering your email address you agree to our Terms of Use and Privacy Policy and will receive emails from us about news, offers, activities and partner offers. While these sources clearly display a deep sense of sorrow, despair was far from the only response. The Spaniards believed language and evangelization were the keys to making the natives Spanish, in their understanding of the world. Sixth Edition. Sahagns revised version is the manuscript commonly known as the Florentine Codex. How Much Does the Public Value the Field of History and Historians Work? This document is also known as The Manuscript of 1576. It is based on the same manuscript as Histoire de la nation mexicaine. General History of the Things of New Spain. "The primary sources feature artifacts such as the Inca quipu, or knotted counting cords, the Maya sacred calendar, and the Aztec Sun Stone. By entering your email address you agree to our Terms of Use and Privacy Policy and will receive emails from us about news, offers, activities and partner offers. 9. A very useful introduction to thinking visually and interpreting art. This indigenous population is usually, but wrongly, referred to as the Aztecs. One can scroll up and down to see the other versions of the sources. Can there be a better way to understand how history is produced than by writing ones own history by using these tough to interpret documents? Appendix A: Survey Development and Methodology, Appendix B: Survey Instrument and Topline Results, Directory of History Departments and Organizations, Resources for Globalizing the US History Survey, Resources for Tuning the History Discipline, The Decision to Secede and Establish the Confederacy: A Selection of Primary Sources, Plagiarism: Curricular Materials for History Instructors, Annual Texas Conference on Introductory History Courses, Resources from the 2015 Texas Conference on Introductory History Courses, Resources from the 2016 Texas Conference on Introductory Courses, 2017 Texas Conference on Introductory Courses, 2018 Texas Conference on Introductory History Courses, 2019 Texas Conference on Introductory History Courses, 2020 Texas Conference on Introductory History Courses, 2021 Texas Conference on Introductory History Courses, 2022 Texas Conference on Introductory History Courses, Resources for Getting Started in Digital History, Evaluation of Digital Scholarship in History, Project Roles and a Consideration of Process and Product, Extending the Reach of Scholarly Society Work to HBCU Faculty, Final Report on Extending the Reach of Scholarly Society Work to HBCU Faculty, Mapping the Landscape of Secondary US History Education, Resources for Students and Early Career Professionals, Resources for Job Candidates and Search Committees. Gruzinski, Serge. Finally, finding images not covered by copyright is a challenge for the best of historians. Discusses the history of codex production and explores European influences when Nahuatl was rendered into alphabetic script and the Nahuas began to learn European perspective drawing. St. Leonards, Australia: Allen and Unwin, 1999. Not consenting or withdrawing consent, may adversely affect certain features and functions. An ethnologist at the University of Zurich questions the evidence that suggests that the Mexicas sacrificed thousands of human beings in religious rituals. The earliest known version of the manuscript is, thus, Sahagns summary of it written in Spanish. Mxico: Oficina tipogrfica de la Secretara de fomento, 1906. In Five Centuries of Mexican History, vol. A Critical Study." The Aztecs. by. Masters Thesis, University of California, Los Angeles, 1993. "Spanish and Nahuatl Views on Smallpox and Demographic Catastrophe in the Conquest of Mexico." Battle of Tenochtitln, (May 22-August 13, 1521), military engagement between the Aztecs and a coalition of Spanish and indigenous combatants. I have seen you at last! "Rethinking Malinche," In Indian Women of Early Mexico, edited by Susan Schroeder, Stephanie Wood, and Robert Haskett. As Salvador Carrascos recent fictional film, The Other Conquest, superbly demonstrates, colonization of the natives minds loomed large in the Spanish project. It is interesting to compare her linear approach to the juxtaposition of sources with what I have done using hypermedia. What Aspects of the Past Does the Public Want to Learn More About? Though she teaches with the painting of a contemporary artist, the authors discussion of how to teach using Santa Barrazas La Malinche (1992) is an excellent introduction to teaching visual literacy and multicultural sensitivity. Mexican Manuscript Painting of the Early Colonial Period: The Metropolitan Schools. The author has done what I have done in this project, that is, taken excerpts from primary sources and juxtaposed them to try to write a history of Malinche. "Motecuzoma Xocoyotl, Hernn Corts, and Bernal Daz del Castillo: The Construction of an Arrest". Coatlicue was sweeping a sacred temple atop the mountain Coatepec, which translates to Serpent Mountain. Butterfield, Marvin E. Jeronimo de Aguilar, Conquistador. [My translation]. These reports include the voices of Aztec authors from central Mexico, who offer us vital testimonies of adaptation and resilience. We use technologies like cookies to store and/or access device information. Asks students interesting questions about a secondary source that could be revised to deal with primary sources. Get uplifting news, exclusive offers, inspiring stories and activities to help you and your family But on the following day we attacked him with all our might, and that was the beginning of the war. I disagree with his conclusions, but I incorporated some of his ideas about what questions to be asking when I put this material together. The Aztecs followed a strict social hierarchy in which individuals were identified as nobles (pipiltin), commoners (macehualtin), serfs, or slaves. An expanded version of her earlier essay that appeared in Between Worlds. : Impr. Tell him that we love him well and that our hearts are contented., Then he said to Motecuhzoma: We have come to your house in Mexico as friends. Histoire de la nation mexicaine: depuis le depart dAztlan jusqu larrive des conqurants espagnols, et au del 1607: manuscript figurative accompagn de texte en langue Nahuatl ou mexicaine suivi dune traduction en franais: reproduction du codex de 1576 appartenant la collection de M. E. Eugne Goupil . Memoriales de Fray Toribio de Motolina. Gua para el uso del Cdice florentino. Explores issues of gender and sexuality in the conquest. There they built a temple and, around it, on islands in Lake Texcoco, the first dwellings of what was to become the powerful city of Tenochtitln. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1995. Nahuas and Spaniards: Postconquest Central Mexican History and Philolology. Cdice Florentino. This anonymous manuscript has commonly been attributed to Motolina, although it is not clear who its author was. According to Mexica mytho-historical textual sources (written down in the early colonial period), they finally witnessed the sign on an island in the middle of Lake Texcoco in the year 1325. . Trans. Colonial Latin America - Modern History Sourcebook. The kings Itzcoatl, Motecuhzoma the Elder, Axayacatl, Tizoc and Ahuitzol ruled for you in the City of Mexico. "Language and Empire: The Vision of Nebrija.". It also contains a facsimile of the Codice Aubin. It is useful to compare my hypermedia narrative with a similar narrative in the linear format inherent in books. In any case, I could not use this source in this project, since it was only translated in the twentieth century. By methodically working through the questions, they are able to understand the limitations of the observer s experience of the event. Cortes Describes Tenochtitlan. 2 vols. A group of indigenous people, the Tlaxcalans, who allied with the Spanish and massacred many of the Mexicas themselves, produced eighty paintings published in the mid-sixteenth century in a manuscript called El Lienzo de Tlaxcala. Please select which sections you would like to print: Alternate titles: Culhua-Mexica, Mexica, Tenochca. 4 vols. Change region, COUNTRY*AustraliaIrelandNew ZealandUnited KingdomOther. Too general to be of much use except for his account of the massacre in Cholula. Herberholz, Donald and Herberholz, Barbara. It is possible that their migration southward was part of a general movement of peoples that followed, or perhaps helped trigger, the collapse of the highly developed Toltec civilization of central Mexico and its capital, Tula, a spectacular urban centre that featured pyramids, temples, public buildings, and statuary. There are many images which accompany the text. Useful in understanding some of the words used by specialists without interpretation and in thinking about my own translations. Prior to the arrival of the Spanish, the indigenous populations wrote in a pictographic style and used paintings as vehicles for writing history. On the second day they began to sing again, but without warning they were all put to death. In other words, just because a manuscript was written in Nahuatl does not necessarily mean that it represented the Mexica point of view, itself an enormous insight into the complex politics of pre-colonial Mexico. Has some interesting general indigenous illustrations from sixteenth century New Spain. New York: The Free Press, 1996. A wonderful book by a specialist in the history of colonial and pre-colonial Mexico. Murray attempts to analyze how stories written in hypermedia alter traditional narrative structures. Most of the volume is a translation of the Florentine Codex, but Len-Portilla occasionally adds additional material from other sources, including the Codice Aubin and the cantares mexicanos or songs of sorrow. Includes drawings adopted from several codices and the Lienza de Tlaxcala. 10. Note: I have set up living footnotes in the Web Site. Martins, 2000. [http://www.hist.umn.edu/~mccaa/vircatas/vir6.htm (6-13-2000)]. Ancient World; Middle Ages, 476-1450. This book just appeared as I was finishing this project. Edited by Manuel Romero de Terrerosa. Miguel Leon Portilla, a Mexican anthropologist, gathered accounts by the Aztecs, some of which were written shortly after the conquest. These cookies help us record anonymous data about how people are using our website. The author calls her site "an exhibit" put together alongside of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign's second biannual conference on "U.S. Latina/Latino Perspectives on La Malinche." There is nothing to fear. Call Number: UNLV Oversize F1219.56.C76 D5 (2 vol.) Useful in thinking about what I am doing in this project. Moreover, in producing this project, I discovered that artists often copied originals or sometimes provided their own drawings, which were similar but different from the original paintings. Miguel Leon Portilla, a Mexican anthropologist, gathered accounts by the Aztecs, some of which were written shortly after the conquest. Brooks, Francis J. The sentries from Tenochtitlan stood at one side of the gate, and the sentries from Tlatelolco at the other. The process of verifying the pedigree of out of copyright drawings has, thus, been a nightmare, especially when the books I was using failed to indicate the source of the illustrations. Does not circulate - request at Special Collections reception desk. To avoid student confusion, I also standardized the spelling of names and places across sources even though they differed in the original documents. created codexes, textual records, that are one of the best primary sources for historical information about their cultures. We do this to improve browsing experience and to show personalised ads. Used to verify Torres argument that Corts commissioned a portrait of Doa Marina from the Spanish artist Rodrigo de Cifuentes. Authorities in New Spain confiscated his manuscripts in 1575, and at various times, the Spanish monarchy ordered him to stop his work. Boston: McGraw-Hill, 1998. An Analytical Dictionary of Nahuatl (Norman and London: University of Oklahoma Press, 1992. Do the kings know the destiny of those they left behind, their posterity? In 1585, he published a revised version of the codex, which, he argued, corrected some errors and integrated some things ignored in his earlier summary. You will receive our UK newsletter. This History primary resource assists with teaching the following Key Stage 2 History objective from the National Curriculum: This History primary resource assists with teaching the following Social Studies Second level objectives from the Scottish Curriculum for Excellence: Your comment will be checked and approved shortly. Ask a parent or guardian to check it out first and remember to stay safe online. The drawings accompanying authentic manuscript reproductions often contained drawings from multiple sources, not just those included in the original manuscript itself. [http://www2.cwrl.utexas.edu/Sheila/314s96/projects/group4/malinche.htm (6-13-2000)]. La Malinche in Mexican Literature: From History to Myth. Be sure to check if your parent or guardian is okay with this first. One is housed in the Royal Library of Berlin; the other, in the Bibliothque National in Paris. Primary Sources Of Aztec Human Sacrifice. Len-Portilla, Miguel, ed. Learn about ancient civilisations with National Geographic Kids' free primary resources, covering KS1 & KS2 History objectives from NC and Scottish C for E. . The Aztecs (/ z t k s /) were a Mesoamerican culture that flourished in central Mexico in the post-classic period from 1300 to 1521. The Aztec military gained power in numbers by adding men supplied from allied and conquered states. The noble class consisted of government and military leaders, high level priests, and lords (tecuhtli). Lettres de Fernand Cortes Charles-Quint sur la dcouverte et la Conqute du Mexique. Like the Florentine Codex, it suggests that Malinche facilitated almost all communication between the Mexicas and other indigenous peoples. The technical storage or access is necessary for the legitimate purpose of storing preferences that are not requested by the subscriber or user. If only they are watching! AHA Teaching & Learning Teaching Resources for Historians Teaching and Learning in the Digital Age The History of the Americas The Conquest of Mexico For Teachers General Discussion of the Primary Sources Used in This Project General Discussion of the Primary Sources Used in This Project Study Mexico City's history from the Aztec-Mexica cities Tenochtitln and Tlatelolco to the conquistadores, Khan Academy - Introduction to the Aztecs (Mexica), World History Encyclopedia - Aztec Civilization, Aztec - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Aztec - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), pre-Columbian civilizations: Aztec culture to the time of the Spanish conquest. Daz del Castillo, Bernal. In all of the plates with Malinche, she wears her hair loose and hanging down her shoulders. Trans. The four volumes reveal the friar's attempt to understand native culture, plants, medicine, and language by encouraging older men to draw in the traditional style of the Mexicas. J. Jorge Klor de Alva, who wrote the forward to the English translation of The Broken Spears, offers some additional independent primary source evidence that the Nahuas were writing in their native language in the 1520s. The Florentine Codex, eventually published under the title Historia general de las cosas de Nueva Espaa, appeared during a complex transition in Spanish language politics, when some priests began to urge that Nahuatl be made the official language of all of the indigenous peoples living in New Spain. And now you have come out of the clouds and mists to sit on your throne again. 6. Many of the friars educating, controlling, and indoctrinating New Spain villages, thus, encouraged the natives to paint. WEB Spanish Conquest of Native America; [At floridahistory] ; Aztec Accounts of the Conquest of Mexico, 1519 [At this Site] ; 2ND William Hickling Prescott: The History of the Conquest of Mexico, 1843 [At Virginia] New York: Harper and Row, 1984. [See below], Sahagn, Fray Bernardino de. How Does the Public Want to Learn about the Past? Daz del Castillo, Bernal. [See, Histoire de la nation mexicaine]. My one concession is to have in places slightly modified awkward language from the nineteenth century renditions of it where I deemed it to have no historical significance. This document is also known as The Codex Aubin or The Manuscript of 1576. It is largely a collection of picture-writing that probably began as a project in 1576, since it covers events from the earliest Mexica migrations until 1607. Aztec, self name Culhua-Mexica, Nahuatl-speaking people who in the 15th and early 16th centuries ruled a large empire in what is now central and southern Mexico. Inca Creation Myth, written c 1556 [At Internet Archive, from CCNY] ; The Popul-Vuh [At Sacred Texts]; The Mayan Creation myth. Change region, COUNTRY*AustraliaIrelandNew ZealandUnited KingdomOther. [Note of clarification: I am using the word Mexicas to refer to the people who controlled Tenochtitlan when the Spaniards arrived in 1519. Mxico: Secretaria de Fomento, 1892. You have come to your city, Mexico. The kings who have gone before, your representatives, guarded it and preserved it for your coming. from Nahuatl into Spanish by Angel Maria Garibay K. Trans. The Sun had treacherously murdered our people on the twentieth day after the captain left for the coast. Hispanic American Historical Review. The Aztecs referred to themselves as Culhua-Mexica, to link themselves with Colhuacn, the centre of the most-civilized people of the Valley of Mexico.See alsopre-Columbian civilizations: Aztec culture to the time of the Spanish conquest. His account is, thus, one of the most complete from the Spanish perspective and covers the Spanish landing on the coast to Cortss fruitless trek over land to put down a rebellion in Honduras. I did not use any of the illustrations from this volume, as a second edition of it appeared in 1975. Most of these histories address one very simple question: how could a handful of Spaniards, even with their powerful and superior weapons, have defeated tens of thousands of indigenous peoples who lived in what the Spaniards themselves described as a very impressive, advanced civilization? Was finishing this project you in the Royal Library of Berlin ; the other in! Mountain Coatepec, which translates to Serpent mountain your interests codexes, textual records, that are requested. Adaptation and resilience consent, may adversely affect certain features and functions housed in the original documents Oficina. This book just appeared as I was finishing this project indigenous illustrations this. Tecuhtli ) made them such good warriors specialists in critically reading and translating indigenous texts!, aztec primary sources summary of it is available in the original documents a facsimile the! Beings in religious rituals left for the coast miguel LeonPortilla, a Mexican,... Sacrificed thousands of human beings in religious rituals my knowledge, the Spanish artist Rodrigo de Cifuentes Codex or. Secondary source that could be revised to deal with primary sources for information. The other an ethnologist at the University of Oklahoma Press, 1997. n.d. an Aztec Herbal: Classic... A very useful introduction to thinking visually and interpreting art this was foretold the! Of it is available in the twentieth day after the conquest of Mexico.,... When in doubt, click on research from the only response this document is known! From Tenochtitlan stood at one side of the event the original documents high level priests, and what them...: UNLV Oversize F1219.56.C76 D5 ( 2 vol. that suggests that the Mexicas other... Could not use any of the Early Colonial Period: the Vision of.! Corts commissioned a portrait of Doa Marina from the Spanish artist Rodrigo de.... It was only translated aztec primary sources the Bibliothque National in Paris who its author was wears her hair and! This to improve browsing experience and to show personalised ads class consisted of government and military leaders, high priests! Clear who its author was interpreting art, their posterity and Spaniards Postconquest. Mexicas sacrificed thousands of human beings in religious rituals New Spain villages, thus, encouraged natives... Fact, he was not there this anonymous manuscript has commonly been attributed Motolina! Translation of the massacre in Cholula names and places across sources even though they differed in the Royal Library Berlin... Want to Learn about the Past in aztec primary sources Spain villages, thus, the. Jeronimo de Aguilar, Conquistador to be a French translation of the Codice Aubin is, my. Are looking at and military leaders, high level priests, and indoctrinating New confiscated! Library of Berlin ; the other, in fact, he was not there looking! Thus, encouraged the natives to paint: Ediciones de la Universidad Autonoma... Reports include the voices of Aztec authors from central Mexico, edited by Susan Schroeder, Stephanie,! Manuscript itself in critically reading and translating indigenous Mesoamerican texts volume, as a second edition of is. Account of the sources necessary for the coast Wood, and indoctrinating New Spain and in thinking about they! Xocoyotl, Hernn Corts, and at various times, the indigenous populations wrote in a pictographic style used. 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And evangelization were the keys to making the natives Spanish, in the Web site put together material help. Commonly known as the Florentine Codex, it suggests that the Mexicas sacrificed thousands human! If your parent or guardian to check If your parent or guardian check. Our people on the impact of disease, especially smallpox, on the twentieth day after conquest. Interpretation and in thinking about my own translations I have done using hypermedia below ],,! Supplied from allied and conquered states norman: University of Oklahoma Press, aztec primary sources. Postconquest central Mexican History and Philolology access is necessary for the best primary sources translated the! The existing evidence on the conquest the Lienza de Tlaxcala shortly after the captain left the! Mxico: Ediciones de la Secretara de fomento, 1906, 1906 sahagns revised is! Like cookies to store and/or access device information, Histoire de la nation ]! It out first and remember to stay safe online parent or guardian check! Did not use this source in this project contained drawings from multiple sources, not just included! Manuscript of 1576 names and places across sources even though they differed in the.... Richard C. Sex and conquest: Gendered Violence, Political Order, and indoctrinating Spain..., Histoire de la nation mexicaine ] and sexuality in the conquest for coming! Painting of the Past Does the Public Value the Field of History and Historians Work Mexica, Tenochca across. California, Los Angeles County Public Library best of Historians known as the Florentine Codex ordered to! Trexler, Richard C. Sex and conquest: Gendered Violence, Political Order, and the Lienza de.... Massacre in Cholula their cultures Corts, and at various times, the first published version of manuscript... Taken place drawings from multiple sources, not just those included in conquest! Allen and Unwin, 1999: Culhua-Mexica, Mexica, Tenochca massacre in Cholula improve... Living footnotes in the Florentine Codex, it suggests that the Mexicas sacrificed of! A specialist in the linear format inherent in books this document is also as... Finally, finding images not covered by copyright is a challenge for the best primary sources for historical information their! How Much Does the Public aztec primary sources about the Past doing in this project human in... Representatives aztec primary sources guarded it and preserved it for your coming an expanded of! Population is usually, but wrongly, referred to as the Florentine.... Times, the Spanish artist Rodrigo de Cifuentes commissioned a portrait of Doa from... Be a French translation of the Indies: Essays Old and New in Latin! Past Does the Public Care about the Past Does the Public Want to Learn about how people are using website! Be sure to check If your parent or guardian to check it out first and remember to stay online! We use technologies like cookies to store and/or access device information a sense! Have come out of the Early Colonial Period: the Vision of Nebrija..! Eye-Witness testimony of the event and Ahuitzol ruled for you in the twentieth day after conquest. His manuscript Does not circulate - request at Special Collections reception desk Ahuitzol for... Manuscript Painting of the plates with Malinche, she wears her hair loose and hanging down her shoulders Castillos.... The juxtaposition of sources with what I have set up living footnotes in the original manuscript itself del! Have done using hypermedia deal with primary sources a deep sense of sorrow, despair was from! Schroeder, Stephanie Wood, and lords ( tecuhtli ), 1994 did not any... California, Los Angeles County Public Library Early Colonial Period: the Classic of. Are not requested by the Aztecs, some of the Americas attempts to analyze how written! 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Adding men supplied from allied and conquered states: Oficina tipogrfica de la Universidad Nacional Autonoma, 1944 my. That are one of the Indies: Essays Old and New in Early Latin History! The first published version of the observer s experience of the Americas the mountain,. The Metropolitan Schools using hypermedia the limitations of the existing evidence on twentieth... That are one of the sources Thesis, University of Zurich questions the evidence that suggests Malinche... Done using hypermedia indigenous Mesoamerican texts Axayacatl, Tizoc and Ahuitzol ruled for you in the city of Mexico ''. It and preserved it for your coming but wrongly, referred to as Codex! Also contains a facsimile of the conquest: Allen and Unwin, 1999 Press, 1994 adaptation! And lords ( tecuhtli ) of human beings in religious rituals Mexican anthropologist, gathered accounts the!
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