Only two elected officials in the history of Texas have ever been successfully impeached. Rick Perry, but this instance in Texas political history is a few years shy of its 100th birthday. Though he had signed legislation creating three new colleges, he found himself in a feud with professors at the University of Texas. The Fergusons retired from public life afterward with James Ferguson dying in 1944 and his wife passing away in 1961. In July 1917, he was indicted for misappropriation of funds. Though as of this writing, three presidents have been impeached, none have ever been removed from office. Ferguson convinced his wife to run one more time in 1940. Ma placed a distant fifth. He showed up most every day to his own trial, invited or not, with two armed Texas Rangers as escorts. youngest governor in Texas history. Reprinted with permission from the Handbook of Texas Online, a joint project of the Texas State Historical Association and the General Libraries at the University of Texas at Austin. He was a popular figure, singing laws protecting sharecroppers and providing state funding for rural schools. As a result of these developments, the speaker of the House called a special session to consider charges of impeachment against the governor. Impeached provides a new examination of the rise and fall of Ferguson's political fortunes, offering a focused look at how battles over economic class, academic freedom, women's enfranchisement, and . Ferguson's attack against Mayes resulted in a drive by the legislature to impeach Ferguson. [9] According to historian Dan Utley, Ferguson planned to use state appointments as part of a spoils system to reward his political supporters. It reveals the attempt and failure of a megalomaniac in the governors chair to dominate the state university by political methods for political purposes, the American Political Science Review wrote a year later. Though he was kicked out of office and disgraced in front of his colleagues, Ferguson was still very popular among his hard-core supporters and rallied back. In 1917, Gov. Click here to contact our editorial staff, and click here to report an error. The following sections are outlined in Article 15 of the Texas Constitution. He started his own newspaper that fall, Ferguson Forum, to promote his views that the impeachment was illegitimate. Texas History Minute: Jim Ferguson only Texas governor to be impeached, removed By Ken Bridges Jan 30, 2020 0 1 of 2 Gov. Only 17 federal officers have been impeached since 1776. Basically, he wanted five professors fired, for the unstated reason that they had spoken out publicly against his candidacy for governor. The Texas Supreme Court disagreed, so he had his wife run in his place. (b. Partly cloudy skies early will give way to cloudy skies late. A grand jury in Travis County learned that in 1915, Ferguson had transferred $5,600 from the state to a bank in Austin and then to his bank in Temple that he used to pay off a private debt. Get up-to-the-minute news sent straight to your device. Ferguson was indicted on nine charges which included misapplication of public funds, embezzlement and the diversion of a special fund. Ferguson also ran for President of the United States in the 1920 election as the candidate of the American Party. He was impeached in 1917 and removed from office. The UT battle was the one he should have avoided. The fight with the university touched off a massive scandal. At 16, he left home and drifted through the states of the American West, working successively in a vineyard, a mine, a barbed wire factory, and at a grain ranch. Democratic nominee James M. Cox won in Texas, where the white majority was voting solidly Democratic. The conviction forbade Ferguson to hold "any office of honor, trust, or profit" in Texas. After a trial, the Senate voted him out of office by a vote of 25-3 and banned him from holding any state office. The Constitution gives Congress the power of impeachment in federal cases. [8], Prior to his inauguration, Ferguson conferred with officials at the University of Texas regarding appointments affecting learning and higher education. James "Pa" Ferguson was the Governor of Texas from 1915 to 1917, when he was impeached and convicted on several charges. He convened the commission, and the body approved that Barker write a letter to the Governor-elect. To be the Democratic nominee for governor was the same as being elected governor. And she won. The fact is that he had parked state funds in his bank for personal gain and he had run his bank as a one-man Ponzi scheme. As a result of these and other expenditures, the ad valorem tax rate for state purposes advanced from 12 1/2 to 30 cents. Three others dealt with the veto of university funding as an abuse of power and official oppression. A service of the Moody College of Communication at the University of Texas at Austin | Contact us, A service of the Moody College of Communication at the University of Texas at Austin, Despite High-Profile Endorsements, Democrat Eliz Markowitz Loses Houston-Area Special Election. Then, like now, a governor was counting on his friends on the board of regents to carry out his will. As a result of his actions, in 1917, Ferguson became the only Texas governor impeached and removed from office. His law practice did not require all of his time, so Ferguson expanded his interests to include real estate and insurance and later turned his attention to banking. He was replaced by William P. Hobby after the Texas House of Representatives found him guilty in ten of twenty-one charges. He told the UT president, Dr. Robert E. Vinson, that he wanted them fired. Other high-profile librarians voiced their support of Winkler, as did the son of an ex-governor, and a chapter of the Daughters of the Republic of Texas. Ferguson then went on a tour of Texas, voicing his disdain for the university and what he called the university crowd in public speeches. [7], If the House adopts articles of impeachment, the Texas State Senate is required to sit as a court of impeachment. Angry that two professors had openly criticized his administration, Ferguson demanded that the Board of Regents fire them. In her first term, Miriam Ma Ferguson, as she was known, had a law passed that gave amnesty to all Texas officials formerly impeached. Ferguson was reelected by a majority of about 60,000 votes, but opposition was sufficient to show that many Texans, including a number who were not prohibitionists, were displeased with his stewardship. "Ma" Ferguson became the second female governor in the United States, with Nellie Tayloe Ross of Wyoming being the first. Title 6, Chapter 665 of the Texas Government Code addresses the impeachment and removal of public officers by the state house. Unable to run under his own name, Ferguson ran his wife's campaign for Governor; Miriam A. Ferguson, known as "Ma" Ferguson, was twice elected as governor, serving two non-consecutive terms, from 1925 to 1927 and 1933 to 1935. The 1920 presidential election was won by Republican candidate Warren Harding. When the House is not in session, there are three ways that the House may be convened for purposes of impeachment. After 20 days have elapsed from article adoption, if the Governor, Lt. He was elected governor in 1914, his first election. Its hard not to like the down-home folksy style that made Texas Gov. Though no Texas official has been impeached and removed from office at the state level since Ferguson, Texas politics has hardly been scandal-free. [18] He added that the investigation was "extraordinary political theater. November 2013 testimony prompted committee-member Trey Fischer to request the inquiry. Dan Moody. James E. Ferguson Called on Tejanos to rise up/support the revolution; Called on other minorities to join Tejanos to carve out a republic from land US took from Mexico US Pancho Villa Mexican guerilla leader led an attack on Columbus NM (Mar. Ballotpedia's election legislation tracker, Political favoritism in admissions to the University of Texas, Forgivable loans program at the University of Texas Law School, House Select Committee on Transparency in State Agency Operations (TSAO), Joint Committee on Oversight of Higher Ed Governance, Excellence & Transparency, University of Texas System Board of Regents, 1987 Memorandum within the Texas Legislative Council regarding removal of state officers by the state legislature, Analysis of Constitutional Impeachment Procedures in Texas, Texas House Bill 588, the "Top 10% Rule" (1997), https://ballotpedia.org/wiki/index.php?title=Impeachments_in_Texas&oldid=8020920, Conflicts in school board elections, 2021-2022, Special Congressional elections (2023-2024), 2022 Congressional Competitiveness Report, State Executive Competitiveness Report, 2022, State Legislative Competitiveness Report, 2022, Partisanship in 2022 United States local elections. He loaned himself so much money that he practically bankrupted his own bank. By W.F. He posted bond and wasted no time in announcing his candidacy for a third term as governor. This led to a special session being called by the Legislature, to press for Fergusons impeachment. He was by this time an old man. How to run for office | During the events that led up to the final quarrel, the University of Texas Board of Regents had repeatedly refused to remove certain faculty members whom Ferguson found objectionable. He ended up back in the Governors Mansion for a third time when she became the first woman governor in Texas history. In 1924, Ferguson entered his wife Miriam, known as "Ma", in the Democratic gubernatorial primary. Only two Texas public officials have been impeached in the state's history. He moved to Temple and in 1907 joined with others in establishing the Temple State Bank. Rachel M. Gunter further places the Ferguson impeachment in the context of the suffrage movement. Eight federal judges have been convicted in the Senate and removed from office. Nellie Tayloe Ross was sworn in on January 5, 1925; Miriam Ferguson followed on January 20. He liked to say he was no city slicker and no college dude. A government doesnt require educated fools to run properly. On July 21, 1917, in the midst of the excitement, Ferguson appeared before the Travis County grand jury, and several days later it was announced that he had been indicted on nine charges. When Ferguson found that he could not have his way, he vetoed practically the entire appropriation for the university. How to vote | Dictionary of American History. Similarly, the Texas constitution gives the lower house of the legislature power to impeach judges, the governor, and statewide elected officials. Though he had signed legislation creating three new. To impeach, the House simply needs a majority vote on the different charges involved. This document includes constitutional provisions, rules of procedure and practice in the Senate, articles of impeachment, and Porteous' answer. We help women historians thrive through events, resources, and community. ex-governor banned from holding state office. . He left home at sixteen and wandered for two years through the states of the Far West, where he lived by accepting any employment offered. The framers considered impeachment an important check on the power of the presidency and against corruption. He took the stand on his own behalf and was mostly a weak and contradictory witness, unable to explain discrepancies. The House then chooses members to act as managers to present the case to the Senate for trial. In 1917, James E. Ferguson, nicknamed "Pa Ferguson," was impeached and removed from the governorship of Texas. At age 12 he entered Salado College (a preparatory school) but was eventually expelled for disobedience. Fifteen federal judges and one cabinet official have been impeached by the House since the ratification of the Constitution. Jim Pa Ferguson became the first person in Texas to be impeached. James Ferguson is the only governor to be impeached and convicted. Because each style has its own formatting nuances that evolve over time and not all information is available for every reference entry or article, Encyclopedia.com cannot guarantee each citation it generates. he was accused of misuse of public funds following his call for a special legislative session When a governor is removed from office, resigns, or dies or becomes incapacitated while in office, who becomes governor? Nine of the charges can be described as violations of the law, while the obtaining of $156,500 from a secret source was certainly not in keeping with good policy. In July 1917, he was indicted for misappropriation of funds. When the Democratic Party dominated the Texas political landscape, winning the Democratic primary often sealed the election results. Ferguson was indicted on nine charges which included misapplication of public funds, embezzlement and the diversion of a special fund. 9, 1916) Gen. John J. Pershing led US forces in a hunt for Villa from March 14, 1916 to Feb. 7, 1917 Governor and President Pro Tempore have not acted, then by proclamation of a signed majority of the members of the Senate. A grand jury in Travis County learned that in 1915, Ferguson had transferred $5,600 from the state to a bank in Austin and then to his bank in Temple that he used to pay off a private debt. In 1925, Miriam became the first female governor of Texas after campaigning as a stand-in for her husband, and James E. Ferguson became the first gentleman of Texas for her two terms. He was elected governor in 1914, his first election. Jim "Pa" Ferguson became the first person in Texas to be impeached. The issues were prohibition, the tax rate, and certain unpalatable rumors concerning the Ferguson administration. And here, Ferguson made his second blunder. [2], Impeachments have historically been reserved for cases in which a public official committed a criminal act. Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. Encyclopedia.com. Two years later they lost a reelection bid amid new scandals concerning excessive pardons and political patronage abuses. The impeachment process begins with the House of Representatives. Eight governors have been removed from office through impeachment. Committee member Dan Flynn said he was not surprised by the findings and was pleased the university counsel reached a conclusion.[21][22][23][24]. He became a lawyer in 1897, married Miriam A. Wallace in 1899, and expanded into real estate, insurance and banking. That committee has been holding a series of meetings in late 2013. They then sent the charges to the State Senate for trial. Thereafter, he entered upon a career of banking and ranching, and by I9I4, he had attained considerable success in these activities.' In his first campaign, Ferguson displayed an amazing plat-form ability, of the rough-and-ready style. It appears that neither governor was brought to trial. He only made the ballot in Texas, winning just under 10% of the vote. The House immediately turned its attention to the numerous charges against the governor and, after a lengthy investigation, prepared twenty-one articles of impeachment. Diners at Waco's R&S Barbecue leave full physically and spiritually, both by design, according to owners Richard and Sharon Davis. Their campaign slogan: Two governors for the price of one.. by Nicole Shealy W. V. Howerton, ed., Facts on Ferguson: A Review of the Impeachment and a Reply to Charges Made by Ex-Governor Ferguson (Austin, 1918). Gulf of Mexico warming at faster rate than global ocean, study finds, As Texas STAAR test goes fully online, teachers feel defeated, Texas Education Agency projects confidence, Texas Standard for Feb. 23, 2023: Why many cotton farmers arent planting as much this year. The colleges were permitted to begin building programs, and the educational appropriation bills were more generous than usual. James Ferguson. Ferguson made bond of $13,000 and announced his candidacy for a third term as governor. Oklahoma has impeached and removed two governors, and West Virginia impeached four members of its State Supreme Court at the same time in 2018. I dont care who you are.. January 1996 in Austin, Texas), first black southern woman in the United States Congress. Winds light and variable. And this current flap is far from over. The Court of Impeachment, by a vote of twenty-five to three, removed Ferguson from office and made him ineligible to hold any office of honor, trust, or profit under the state of Texas. Texas History Minute: Jim Ferguson only Texas governor to be impeached, removed. You can cancel at any time. A reiteration and compilation of documents created in the House impeachment proceedings. If that is the case, then the state house must follow procedures outlined regarding calling a special session specifically for the process of impeachment. Both elected and non-elected officials can be impeached in Texas. In 1917, barely into his second term as governor of Texas, James E. Ferguson was impeached, convicted, and removed from office. [17] Governor of Texas Rick Perry's spokesperson said the investigations send a "chilling message" to gubernatorial appointees. The prohibitionists passed over their better-known leaders and gave their support to Charles H. Morris of Winnsboro, a political unknown. The framers considered impeachment an important check on the power of the presidency and against corruption. His father died when he was four. StrongJanuary 29, 202010:48 amArts & Culture, Stories From Texas, Bain News Service /Wikimedia Commons [Public domain]. [5], On December 31, 1899, he married Miriam A. Wallace at her family home. Ferguson had vetoed the entire appropriations for the University of Texas in 1916. https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/ferguson-impeachment, "Ferguson Impeachment resigning his office and being barred by the legislature to ever serve a state office again. He often said, civilization begins and ends with the plow. Ferguson was a mesmerizing speaker and storyteller and was splendidly fluent in the dialects of rural Texas. His wife was defeated for re-election in 1926, following questions of improper use of her pardoning power. Ferguson, a political novice, suffered from the lack of a viable power-base. Impeached. Heres where Ferguson made his first greatest legal blunder. When he was four years old, his father died. "Ferguson Impeachment After all, he was known as Farmer Jim. Therefore, its best to use Encyclopedia.com citations as a starting point before checking the style against your school or publications requirements and the most-recent information available at these sites: http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide.html. State legislature | The excitement that greeted the veto was soon overshadowed by the greater excitement that surrounded the impeachment trial. Amplify your impact and donate now. Impeachment is the equivalent of an indictment. | [5], He also became active in the Democratic Party and managed several local political campaigns. Dr. Ken Bridges is a writer, historian and native Texan who enjoys sharing these stories about people from the Lone Star state. As a result of his actions, in 1917, Ferguson became the only Texas governor impeached and removed from office. Laws governing impeachment in Texas are governed by Article 15 of the Texas Constitution. Prohibition was a major issue in the campaign of 1914, with several aspirants for the governorship on both sides of the question. The first and only Texas governor to be impeached is Governor James "Pa" Ferguson. The reason he called the special session was because he wanted to address the UT budget, but they impeached him instead. Legislators have accused Hall of abusing his power and targeting University of Texas, Austin President Bill Powers, while Hall maintains he was acting as a responsible regent investigating situations of clout and accountability problems within the University of Texas system. In 1917, barely into his second term as governor of Texas, James E. Ferguson was impeached, convicted, and removed from office. In 1917, James E. Ferguson, nicknamed "Pa Ferguson," was impeached and removed from the governorship of Texas. Governor have not acted, then by proclamation of the President Pro Tempore of the State Senate. Impeachment is the power of a legislative body to address charges of impropriety or criminality by a government official, such as a governor or lieutenant governor. In the wake of the controversy, issues from Fergusons past campaign for governor in 1916 came back into the spotlight. But in the midst of this personal war he had sparked with the flagship university in Austin, Ferguson appeared before a Travis County grand jury and was indicted on nine charges. "[19] Texas state legislators have never previously tried to remove an appointed official. The day before he was thrown out of office he resigned, saying it didn't count. [20], A January 2014 review by the law firm Hilder & Associates concluded that there was "no credible evidence of a violation of [the state government code] that would warrant a referral for criminal prosecution." Aside from the act instituting the highway department, the second Ferguson administration was marked by little in the way of important legislation. The prohibitionists held an elimination convention and pledged their support to Thomas H. Ball of Houston. The campaign proved him to be a man of considerable native ability and the possessor of a captivating personality. If the House adopts articles of impeachment, the Texas State Senate must then sit as the court of impeachment. Gov. Though as of this writing, three presidents have been impeached, none have ever been removed from office. Five concerned the misapplication of public funds, three related to his quarrel with the university, one declared that he had failed properly to respect and enforce the banking laws of the state, and one charged that he had received $156,500 ($2.9 million in todays dollars) from a source he refused to reveal. The Senate, acting as a court of impeachment, spent three weeks considering the charges and convicted the governor of 10 of them. Money that he practically bankrupted his own newspaper that fall, Ferguson Forum, to promote views. Political theater the first and only Texas governor impeached and removed from.. Them fired gave their support to Charles H. Morris of Winnsboro, a political unknown ended! To a special session was because he wanted five professors fired, for the.. Have his way, he wanted them fired, issues from Fergusons past campaign for governor in 1914 with. 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